Research proposal Essay

The first edition of Guidelines for writing a research proposal appeared in 1997. It has inevitably been widely read, not because of its inherent fascination, but because, over its eight year life, numerous postgraduate students in the Psychology Department have had to consult it in order to survive (and in most cases master) the arduous process of writing a research proposal. Several changes have been made for this new edition. A number of sections which led to regular misunderstandings on the part of readers have been clarified. There have also been minor administrative changes within the Department and the University which have required that some of the content be updated. However the main change is that the conventions for citing and listing references have been extensively revised to bring them into line with the 5th edition of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (2001). In addition, the examples covered are more extensive and reflect a wider range of the kinds of references likely to be cited not only in research proposals but also in the thesis itself. This means that this booklet provides a useful source for all postgraduates in the Department of Psychology who want a quick guide to the conventions for citing and listing references for any work to be presented to staff in the Department. David Edwards, February 2004 1. What is a research proposal and what is it for? Whether you are planning a small honours research project or a major research project at PhD level, the process of research proposal preparation will help you to think carefully about many aspects of your proposed research. If you embark on a research project without adequate preparation, you run the risk of discovering as you go along that what you have taken on is too large, too small, impossible, or full of contradictions! The guidelines set out in this document are designed to prevent this from happening. By following them, in close consultation with your supervisor, the planning of your research project will be orderly, thorough and well conceptualized. This will ensure that you have an appropriate focus for the research project and that, once you begin the research, you will be able to follow a series of methodological steps which are likely to succeed in answering your research questions. The finished research proposal is a formal, highly focused document which summarizes your plans for setting about a research project. The format requirements are set out below. It is important to follow these carefully because they reflect the criteria which are used by the committee(s) that will evaluate your proposal (see Appendix 1 for a detailed set of such criteria). At Honours level, proposals are usually reviewed by an Honours research proposals review committee. Master’s proposals in Clinical and Counselling Psychology are reviewed by the Psychology Department’s Research Projects Review Committee (RPRC). All other Master’s and PhD proposals are first reviewed by the RPRC, and, once they have been passed by that committee, go on to the Humanities Higher Degrees Committee (HHDC). Information about the dates on which the RPRC and HHDC meet (and the deadlines for submission of proposals for their agendas) is available in an information document which is obtainable from the Administrative Assistant and usually posted on the Department’s website (Research Projects Review Committee information, 2003). 2. The basic format Whatever degree your research is for, you will need to follow the same basic principles with regard to the format and structure of the research proposal. Section 3 below provides detailed guidelines as to how you should organize and structure it into various sections. Section 5 describes the conventions to be followed for citing and listing reference material. In addition, please note the following formal requirements for the proposal: ‘ Use 1 ½ spacing between lines and a 12 point Arial or Times New Roman font (or one of similar size). ‘ For proposals which do not go on to the HHDC, the title and other information should be displayed at the top of the proposal (see Figure 1); for proposals which will go to the HHDC they should be on a separate header page (see Figure 2). ‘ The proposal may not exceed five pages (not including the header page where this applies) and should not include appendices. Note: if your proposal is shorter than this, it will probably contain inadequate information. ‘ Number the pages (not the header page where this applies). Figure 1 Heading format for proposals which do not go to the HHDC Rhodes University Department of Psychology — Honours 20031 An evaluation of an affirmative action programme in a small organization2 Research proposal submitted by3 __________________ _______4 Supervisor 5 __________________________________________ Begin the text of your research proposal here †¦ . Figure 2 Format for title page of proposals which go to the HHDC A programme evaluation of a training programme for HIV/AIDS counsellors2 Research proposal submitted by Melissa Appollis3 g03c1263 4 For a thesis in fulfilment6 of the requirements of the degree of Master of Arts in Psychology1 Supervisor: Professor T. Mkhize5 Key for Figures 1 Name of degree 4 Student number 2 Title of project 5 Supervisor 3 Student name 6 â€Å"†¦ fulfilment† or â€Å"†¦ partial fulfilment† 3. The structure of the proposal The research proposal needs to have a title, a context section, statement of the research question or aims and a method section. Below are guidelines for writing each of these. Pay close attention to the kind of information that should be included in each part. Following these guidelines will help you to make best use of the limited space available and to avoid the inclusion of irrelevant or inappropriate material. 3.1 Title The title should give the reader a succinct indication of what the research is about. This must include reference to the field of research and an indication of what the research question is.  It is often best not to write the title until you have finished writing the rest of the research proposal.  You may change the title when you write the actual research project either to reflect new emphases that emerge as the project unfolds, for example, in response to unexpected findings from your data analysis, or to add an artistic or personal touch to give your title a human quality or some personal distinctiveness. Important note: For those theses which go through the HHDC, the title is recorded in the Faculty record. This means that it cannot be changed without formally notifying the Dean and getting the  permission of the Faculty. A request to change the title must be made in writing to the Faculty Office, preferably well before the thesis is actually handed in. 3.2 Context The function of this section is to prepare the reader for the research question(s) that will be found in the following section. In order to do this thoroughly, you will need to cover the following points: ‘ You must show that your question is situated in an existing literature which provides a background and context for your own research. You may draw on a particular research tradition or discourse within psychology (for example, attribution theory, radical feminism, object relations theory, a particular personality theory, career development theory). Or you may describe the literature in a particular applied area, such as HIV/AIDS counselling, affirmative action in South African organizations, psychotherapy for post-traumatic stress disorder, attitudes to socio-political transformation, or the effects of cumulative mild brain injuries in sport. Sometimes there may be two or more areas of the research literature which are relevant to your research. In this case you need to introduce the relevant concepts and issues from each one. You need to write about these concepts and research findings in such a way that you demonstrate that there is a substantial existing literature which you will be drawing on, and that you have a working knowledge and understanding of that literature. ‘ Introduce and define the most important psychological concepts, distinctions, principles and theories which will form the basis of the conceptual framework within which your research question makes sense (Leedy & Ormrod, 2001). ‘ In participatory and/or action research projects, conducted in partnership with a community, an organization, or a particular group of people, give a brief account of the nature of the partner community, organization or group. You should also describe the organizational or community context within which the research will take place. In addition, provide details of the history of your involvement with  the community, organization or partners and of the implicit or explicit contract that you have with them. ‘ When writing up a case study of a therapy or counselling process that has already taken place, give a brief account of the nature of the therapy/counselling process and argue why the material lends itself to theoretical exploration in a research thesis. ‘ It is often appropriate to give a historical perspective to research in the area. Over the past 100 years who have been  the major players in investigating the area? Has the focus of research shifted? What have been the important historical  milestones in opening new perspectives or research  approaches? How does the approach you will use fit into this (Leedy & Ormrod, 2001; Seidman, 1998)? If you have collected a large amount of background material for this section, you do not need to refer to or describe everything that may be relevant or which you intend to include in the thesis. You only need to provide sufficient material to take care of each of the points just described. Furthermore, the degree of thoroughness with which the contextual background must be presented depends on the level of the degree you are studying for. When doing a PhD you need to show that you are familiar with everything important that has been written in the area. At Honours level, you will not, of course, have the time and resources to do that, but, you do need to take account of all the above requirements on a smaller scale. There are two steps to take to ensure that you have a sufficient background knowledge: ‘ Choose a supervisor who is working in the area and who knows what the core research writing in the area is. ‘ Conduct a literature search using an online database such as PsycInfo which you can access through the University Library’s electronic resources web page. Identify the items which you  want and check to see if they are in the Library or available in full text on one of the other online databases such as PsycArticles or ScienceDirect. If  they are not, you can use the Library’s interlibrary loan facility to order them. Students who are working on a  research area which a staff member is investigating, may be  able to obtain financial assistance towards the cost of this from the staff member’s research grant. You can expect to rework the context section again and again. It is not something you can expect to write out in an organized and systematic fashion at one sitting! This is because, as you think about your topic and refine your research question, you will come to recognize what material has a direct bearing on it, and what material is of limited relevance. For example, as you clarify your thinking, you are likely to discover that you have omitted to define clearly certain concepts which are essential if your research question is to be understood. You are also likely to realize that some of the material which you initially thought was important is only of marginal relevance to the research question and needs to be omitted. You should organize this section carefully, so that you communicate to your reader that you have a clear sense of purpose in setting about your research project (Neuman, 2000, p. 101-103). A mistake that many students make is that they approach this section as if they were writing a discursive essay on the topic. Doing a research project is not a good vehicle for conducting your own personal enquiry into an area that you have not read about and have no conceptual understanding of. In Honours and some directed Masters’ and PhD courses, opportunities to write discursive essays are provided during the specialized papers you will be studying for. If you approach a research proposal like a seminar you will convey this message: â€Å"I am interested in {depression, eating disorders, racism, art therapy, affirmative action etc.}. I do not know much about it and have not yet read much that has been written by psychologists on the issue. However here are a few preliminary thoughts I have about the topic. I hope that somehow during the course of doing this research my ideas will get more organized and I will be able to make some sense of this topic† This, of course, is not a message which will impress the people who will evaluate your finished proposal! Rather you should actively promote your research idea as something important and worthwhile. You should aim to communicate to your reader: â€Å"I have identified something of interest and importance  within the discipline which is worth investigating. I have a good basic knowledge of the literature in this area and  understand the central concepts and theories. I have  sufficient conceptual understanding to provide a basis for a clear research question and for a systematic research  investigation. When I complete the research it will be  something which will contribute to knowledge, have practical value and be worth reading †

JFK Inaugural Speech Essay Essay

Patriotic yet hopeful, John F. Kennedy urges the American citizens to act as a community with the rest of the world. Anaphora and abstract words aid him in highlighting his hopes for the pursuit of community in the world. Hortative and imperative sentences were also strongly delivered in his speech to justify what the citizens of America should be doing to make these hopes become a reality. With these devices, the pursuit of a sense of community between America and the rest of the world is desired amongst the American citizens and international audience. Claim) Kennedy reaches out to the citizens’ emotional sense through abstract words in his clever application of anaphora. Evidence) â€Å"To those old allies whose cultural and spiritual origins we share, we pledge the loyalty of faithful friends.† Kennedy delivers passionately these abstract words, such as â€Å"cultural† and â€Å"loyalty† to emotionally arouse the citizens in a positive way. He continues by elaborating about and creating pledges with anaphora to further appeal to the American citizens’ emotions. â€Å"To those old allies†, â€Å"To those new states†, â€Å"To those people in huts and villages†, â€Å"To our sister republics south of our border†, and â€Å"To that world assembly of sovereign states, the United Nations† tie the world together through the pledges that follow this anaphora that Kennedy makes in the name of America. â€Å"Let both sides explore†, â€Å"Let both sides, for the first time, formulate†, â€Å"Let both sides seek to invoke†, and â€Å"Let both sides unite† was declared by Kennedy shortly after to show how â€Å"both sides† should come together also in rhythmic, catchy application of anaphora. Insight) Kennedy was able to captivate the American citizens through their emotional convictions through these rhetorical devices. Anaphora is applied to put great emphasis on these pledges and shift the speech to its climax. Abstract words create an emotional arousal in the citizens that should cause them to act on those pledges. This gets them to pay closer attention and feel more involved. Claim 2) Kennedy exposes his earnest attitude on the matter of having the world come together through his sentence selection of hortative and imperative.

Comparing and contrasting China and Korea (about emotion) Essay

Comparing and contrasting China and Korea (about emotion) - Essay Example People tend to shy away from expressing their emotions and when they express, it occurs over a short period. In addition, a person suppresses emotions and only expresses minimal intensity of what he or she feels. This suggests emotional strength that allows for such a regulation even though cultural orientation also dictates it. Chinese culture preserves dominance of collective harmony in the society and established social hierarchies with which emotions should not interfere (Bond 245). Emotions among Chinese citizens also identify patriotism to their country and collectivism. Citizens, for example, have strong attachments to their country, are proud of their citizenships, and have positive attitude towards the country’s development. Strong attachment towards fellow citizens also exists, though not as strong as that towards the nation (Marsh and Lee 105). An understanding of Korean emotional orientation identifies similarities with, and distinctions from the Chinese emotional orientation. Korean cultural definition of emotion focuses on people and this suggest stronger ties to people, as opposed to the case in China in which stronger ties are towards the nation. Korean emotion is embedded in empathy in which a person feels an obligation to help a needy and feels guilty for failing to help under the circumstance. Korean emotional orientation, unlike the Chinese orientation, allows for freedom of emotional orientation, at least in such cases as funerals. The Korean concept that emotion does not interfere with a person’s rationale also suggest that social factors such as need for collectivism and social hierarchy does not constrain emotional expressions (Besemeres and Wierzbicka 121). Hofstede values for the two populations’ cultural orientation however establishes similarities of the two emotional orientations, despite the observed differences. Even though power distance, which is a significant constraint to

Eurozone Financial Crisis Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Eurozone Financial Crisis - Literature review Example According to David Brat, the primary causes for the occurrence of the financial crisis is due to a lack of regulation, bad investment decisions, historically low-interest rates and major shocks to the economy (Brat 1). David Brat also stated that the housing crisis is caused by the government by forcing mortgage investors. Nick Timiraos tries to present the viewpoint of Brat in the journal. The paper of Brat also focuses on the largest mortgage lender on the nation which is Countrywide Financial Corporation. The author illustrated that loss in one corner of the mortgage market of the U.S. leads to the cause of the major recession. Moreover, this cause has fallen in the financial system in a broader way. The fresh evidence from the data has been discussed by Joe Parkinson in the journal â€Å"Euro crisis hits emerging Europe. The manufacturing activity of some of the emerging nations such as the Czech Republic, Poland, etc. sunk into the weakest level (Parkinson 1). The paradox of fi nancial crises by Timothy F. Geithner is based on the devastating impact of financial crises (Geithner 1). It has been estimated that in the year 2008, 16% of the wealth of American Household has been lost. Moreover, the rate of unemployment rose to 25%. Geithner tries to present the outcome terrifying autumn of 2008. The foundation of the financial crisis has been effectively incorporated in the three articles to provide vivid knowledge to the readers about the outcome of the crisis.Some of the key issues provided by author Daniel Harari on regarding the cause of financial crisis are misdirected assessment of risks, trade imbalances, and economic divergence. Member of the European Central Bank, Peter Praet states that the collapse of the mortgage market in the United States lead to the start of the Euro financial crisis. Moreover, the author also reveals that financial derivative products are a complex network and held globally. This is the reason which leads to the start of the fi nancial crisis which stated by David Brat and presented on the journal by Nick Timiraos. Two of the key problems of the Euro zone crisis problem are lost competitiveness, deficits and debt.

Negative Effects of Low Family Income on Children Research Paper

Negative Effects of Low Family Income on Children - Research Paper Example According to Rachel et al 92010) â€Å"The economy demanded higher skills, yet urban schools were failing to educate children of poor people† (Rachel et al p.4). Urban schools are operating for the children of rich people. It is almost impossible for children from poor families to get quality education from urban schools. It should be noted that manpower shortage is one of the major problems in countries like America, Britain, Germany etc. However, government instead of encouraging public schools, trying to reduce the funds for public schools and therefore poor children suffer a lot. Low income parents often work hard to earn more and to provide their children better living conditions. However, overtime work of parents often affects the children in other ways. Rachel et al rightly pointed out that â€Å"More works means less time with children† (Rachel et al, p.8). In other words, parents may not get enough time to spend with their children in low income families becaus e of their overtime works. Children during their developmental stage, require the love and care of their parents more than anything else.

Why does bullying occur among prisoners Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Why does bullying occur among prisoners - Essay Example Finally, the psychological forms of bullying comprise manipulating societal interrelations, extortion and scattering rumors (Blazer, 2005). The behaviors concerning bullying take place in every sphere of life such as in families, schools as well as in the workplaces. The effects of bullying behaviors might result in increased level of depression, fear, sadness and illness among others. In general, it can be stated that certain individuals generally perform bullying behaviors with the intention of exercising full control as well as domination particularly over the weaker individuals (Lines, 2007). Â  The significant aspect of bullying amid the prisoners has undoubtedly become a significant concern and it is regarded as a behavior that generally takes place amid every sort of prisoners whether young, men, adult or women. Different sorts of bullying can impose significant impacts upon the attitudes as well as the behaviors of the prisoners to a greater extent. Moreover, the effects of bullying can severely affect the lives of the prisoners in terms of generating fear as well as tension, physical injuries, depression, and illness (Ireland, 2002). Â  This paper intends to conduct a detailed literature review based analysis about the significant aspect of bullying that occurs among the prisoners in prisons. The structure of this paper will be designed by considering a descriptive as well as a critical evaluation along with a conclusion concerning the aforementioned subject matter. In this connection, the source materials that would be used for analyzing the aforesaid topic are renowned published journals and books along with pertinent online sources. Â  According to Tahir and Konstantinos (2011), bullying is regarded to be a persistent problem wherein the incident rates are incessantly rising significantly in the developed as well as underdeveloped nations.

Applying Microeconomics to Business Research Paper

Applying Microeconomics to Business - Research Paper Example on, Tisdell and Hartley (2001) states that businesses managers could take advantage of knowledge of government microeconomic policy as well as its economic impacts in a number of ways. For instance Tisdell and Hartley (2001) explains that they apply it to project how the economic situation of their businesses or the industry may change as a consequence of a change in the microeconomic policy, for example with removal or cuts in tariffs or subsidies previous enacted to protect the industry. Secondly, a lot of countries have regulation prohibiting certain trade practices. In particular situations, governments may prohibit mergers of firms or acquisitions of companies supposing they could reduce competition within an industry to considerable levels, or lead to monopoly. Thus, it is essential for business managers to be aware of these laws and regulations and this requires that they understand microeconomic concepts (Tisdell and Hartley, 2001). It is also beneficial for business managers to understand economic arguments and concepts that might be used as a counter argument for a business merger or acquisition if the government opposes it. Certainly, there are several other areas of government economic policy that require business managers to have a good understanding of microeconomics. These areas include economic concept of science and technology, specifically the economics of intellectual property laws. As Kahneman and Tversky (2000) explains intellectual property rights entail patents, copyrights and plant variety rights and trade marks. Mumbo adds that public policies to control and exploitation of environment and natural resources have recently become more widespread ad these normally have an economic justification. Microeconomic effects of industrial relations policies, international business, investment polices and public finance aspects usually have a critical consequence for the economic performance of a business. Managers can as well use

La Clemenza di Tito Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

La Clemenza di Tito - Assignment Example He could read and write music from the age of five and wrote composition by the age of six. He was considered a rare music prodigy. Mozart’s work is a great work of art and is considered epic in each and every aspect. He also composed operas, single pieces for the piano, symphonies, concertos, operas and much more. He had a talent of memorizing and learning what he heard from others. He had incorporated the styles of Haydn and J.C. Bach in his music whereas he also evolved his own style of music. He was also influenced by Beethoven (Pettinger, 2008). Few features of Baroque style of music were also integrated in Mozarts music (Johnson, 2013). The Baroque is the period between 1600-1750. Certain characteristics of the Baroque music is a continuous rhythm, a balance between polyphonic and homophonic textures, instantaneous transformations from loud to soft which is accomplished by the addition or subtraction of instruments. A baroque music can be summarized as one that expressed the moos or expression through a single musical piece (Mostlywind.co.uk, 2011). This style of music can also be observed in Mozart’s ‘Jupiter’ symphony wherein, the double basses play their separate individual parts instead of doubling the cellos, this was the customary style of baroque and classical periods (White, 1994). Another example of this style can be seen in symphony No. 29 in A Major K 201, which utilizes contrapuntal as its central theme (Johnson, 2013). Contrapuntal in other words, may also be referred to as counterpoint which literally means ‘note against note’. This involves the movement of two different lines which move in relation to each other (Feezell, n.d.). This theme can be seen in its first movement and inconsistent length of phrases. There are 1773 finales in few of his quartets that are based on fugal style, which might be influenced by Haydn. The three final finales were

National network, local stations- who better serves the listeners Essay

National network, local stations- who better serves the listeners - Essay Example This paper analysis this article highlighting the main points by the author, why the topic is significant and raises several discussion questions for further analysis of this article. The issues raised in article is the failure of advertisements to take into account of the black market segment which as the research has shown have serious implications on success of an organization. There has also been raised the issue of the nature of advertisement. Originally, advertisements were racist as they mainly focused on the white market segment. By doing this, the advertisers locked away a potential market. Considering that the black community is the second largest race in America, failing to incorporate them in a company’s marketing strategy makes the company lose a considerable potential market. The African American would definitely be repulsed by racist advertisement and look for products that are free of this segregation or those which that they can identify with. This topic is significant because today we are living in a highly competitive business climate. Company is looking for areas where they can get a competitive advantage over their rivals. One way of d oing this is increasing their market scope. The black market provides a potential untapped market which when tapped can help a company have considerable growth. The article shows how the local radios had been used by company focusing their products on the black community and they have been successful. The success of a company depended on its ability to expand into new markets and maintaining the existing ones. Getting insight into how other companies has successfully penetrated the ignored black market can help a company expand and grow. Is there a need to adopt the products for this market in terms of differentiation and prices? This is considering the fact that in the contemporary world, people of the black race are not only found in the lower end of earning but they cut across all levels of

The Album Close to You by the Carpenters Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Album Close to You by the Carpenters - Essay Example This album landed them on their way to fame and success. Though not appreciated by critics, the album has made it to the top 200, which emphasizes the fact that they did have talent. Rolling Stone, describing Karen, comments that â€Å"Hers is a voice of fascinating contrasts, combining youth with wisdom; chilling perfection with much warmth† (Changi Airport – â€Å"Enjoy the Elegance). Jon Landau, says that Karen has "all the qualities of a good pop singer," phrasing with "subtlety and ease." On the other hand, some critics think that her voice has not got any depth and is just sort of simple. Other critics believe that Karen does not have much stage presence when she play the drums and sing along, it is not elegant enough. However, Richard’s work is well appreciated for his rhythmic tunes and, yet again, critics did not enjoy his lead in some songs. The band, consisting of this duo, is however, soaring high after the release of the title song ‘Close To Y ou,’ which rank #1 on Billboard Hot 100 and stayed on top for four weeks. In my opinion, they landed a spot in the Rolling Stone list because the album had become a hit even though the political situations were not favorable during the time. The popular demand continued to grow on wild and loud rock, whereas they featured soft and melodious music. The album showcased Karen’s wide ranged voice and also original compositions of Richard, namely, Mr. Guder, Maybe Its You and Crescent Noon. It is difficult to say that the album was a success only due to one of them. Rather, it was a joint effort and has received attention throughout the world. Though they have mixed reviews, the album has won the hearts of a lot of people. I really enjoyed the album and I am thankful for having been given this assignment as it has given me the opportunity to explore into details the depths of songs that I did not even know existed. I find all the songs very good and my personal favorite is â€Å"Maybe Its You†. The song just spoke to me, I was instantly amazed. The piano brings out all the delicacy of the song. Though the lyrics might not be much, but still â€Å"couldn’t we stay and watch the splashing rocks we throw?† (Maybe It’s You Lyrics: The Carpenters) expresses inner most feelings and emotions that are delicately touching. The first stanza itself paints a lovely picture of a couple walking down the beach. The soft music reflects the calm waves lapping up the shore. There is a really soothing feel to that song which instantly makes one feel good. Well at least to me it does. The songs range from soft to deep to haunting and lingering types. This is what makes the album so special. Its diversity has the ability to draw the audience to it and make them stay with it for long. The music world has a lot to offer, and it is a blessing to us that music from those times has been recorded. If man had not found a way to capture music, then so much would have gone to waste. Though people are not immortal, their works are. They continue to exist through the wonderful contributions they have made to this world. Saying this, I do believe that Karen remains in a lot of people’s hearts. Not to mention her partner throughout this wonderful journey, her brother Richard, whose musical arrangements and tune compilations have brought the songs to life. I really appreciate their hard work and though they did get thrown into the world of overnight fame after the release of the song ‘

Educational circles Essay Example for Free

Educational circles Essay Lifelong education is a concept not to vague in today’s educational circles. It has been used in many different forms to promote a person’s pursuance to knowledge. It is claimed that life is education, practically speaking when you live you encounter deterrents or resistance in forms of challenges. It is normal for a person to face this situation, in here you will see that ones failure and challenges arise man’s normal tendency is to adapt and move on. Therefore learning and educating himself on the situation he/she has just experienced (Smith M. 1996). The issue that can be seen in pursuing further education is Man’s ability to absorb and effectively comprehending knowledge at a certain age. Man’s psyche changes as it progress deep into the application of his/her field or application. When the application stage of man kicks in he or she finds it difficult to learn new things because his/her paradigm is already stuck on its present state. That’s why preparation to a lifelong education is vital. It features a lot of difference between specializing. Specializing is done when man pursues and therefore encloses himself to a specific study. Not only that, he or she will be engrossed in its application, one reason for this is the field maybe his or her source of income. Examples are doctors, engineers, or architects who pursue to improve knowledge in their respective fields. The difference between lifelong learning and specialization is on it’s the width of its spectrum. A person pursuing a lifelong learning is more open he or she views mistakes as an opportunity of learning. A person pursuing specialization is not close minded but more coherent in their studies, and they usually have a rigid paradigm. The importance of differentiating lifelong learning and specialization is important. Creating standard studies on this topic will give students and educators a point of reference. This point of reference will assist our education system on integrating this to a learner’s life. Show them the advantages and disadvantages of pursuing one side to the other. Or even provide an evolvement study to at some proportion integrate the two different sides together. Reference: Smith M. (1996). Lifelong learning. http://www. infed. org/lifelonglearning/b-life. htm

Factors That Affects the Preference of Online Games Essay Example for Free

Factors That Affects the Preference of Online Games Essay Online gaming can refer to any type of game that someone can play through the Internet or over a computer network. Most of the time, online gaming refers to video games played over the Internet, where multiple players are in different locations across the world. Players also can compete in massively multiplayer games, where dozens of players play an ongoing game in a virtual world. Often times, participants can communicate with other gamers through text chat sessions during online gaming or, sometimes, players can actually speak to other players, using special audio hardware. Online Games are now one of the most popular and fast growing part of the internet based industries. These computer games can be played be many people together in a network like the Internet or any office network. With the growing availability of the World Wide Web, these games have become one of the best ways to relief stress after a busy day. Today, there are many websites that allow people to play online games. Playing online games has many advantages. Users can play multiplayer online games with their friends. Children find multiplayer games more thrilling and entertaining as they compete against their friends. Online games offer a range of entertainment options for people. Online games are an excellent way to escape the â€Å"real world for a while and enter the virtual domain. In addition to providing entertainment, these games help us to be mentally strong. These games are liked by people of different ages, especially as they could be played in the comfort of their homes. The games are quite thrilling as they provide incredible features as well as a user friendly ambiance. These games also build team efforts and team spirits. A bond of togetherness is developed through these games. To cap it all, these games help one to interact and exchange ideas with others while paying multi-player games. The industry of computer games is continuously developing its techniques and strategies in order to make more and more appealing games. However, each company that produces video games is specialized in a certain type of games that address to a certain age group. For this reason, the variety of the existing games and of the games to be created is very notable and we should take it into consideration whenever we speak of this domain

How Money is Created

How Money is Created Essay Where Money Comes from Student: Gulnaz Miniakhmetova Introduction â€Å"The process by which banks create money  is so simple that the mind is repelled† John Kenneth Galbraith, Economist. There are many social institutions in our world but one of them seems to be the most difficult to understand – monetary institution. Why do we have it and how it works? Being small children, we already understand that to get a toy parents need money. Stuff costs money. Money is a tool, and not necessarily one which facilitates access to the resources necessary for survival, as they are given freely on the earth[1]. If we look back at the history of the great Depression, we will see that people can’t live without money. During the Great Depression, money stopped circulating yet the sun still shone, the plants were growing but people starved. Food was available because nature does not depend on our monetary problems. It continues to exist as many times ago. Why then people lose access to food without money? It sounds incredible but how our society allow money to function as a barrier to nature resources. Nature does not take money for her great work[2]. Few people are interested in the way money are created and in who controls the system. Complicated economic terminology and calculations keep most of the people away from understanding the system but one attentive look at it helps to see how simple the scheme actually is. This paper is going to investigate where money come from and what makes the ink on the paper be so valued, if it is really valuable? Ancient Money. Modern Money. It is interesting to trace the evolution of money across years and check if â€Å"money-of-today† has the same value as â€Å"money-of-yesterday†. It is fascinating that long ago money appeared in different corners of the world in a nearly similar way. We observe various currencies in those times. American Indians used Wampum; West Africans were trading in decorative metallic objects called Manillas; Fijians used whale’s teeth. Shells, amber, ivory, decorative feathers, a large number of stones – were all used for trade across the world. We cannot but agree that these funny forms of money are sensible things for trading. Later gold and silver were the most favorite currencies. The appearance of coins in our life was a significant step for economy, which still exists. The first coins appeared about 600 B.C. in a place where Lydians lived, ancient Greece territory where now modern Turkey is located. It had a form of lion’s head and were made of electrum. If we compare other ancient types of money, coins were the first to become a firm currency. Coins spread throughout the Mediterranean very fast. By the 6th century Athens, Aegina, Corinth and Persia, all had their own coins. Coins helped to expand trading easier. Soon coins were made out of gold and silver thus reflecting the actual value of the metal. Modern currency, unfortunately, lost this value. Money evolved from barter but barter had two limitations: 1) the traders must have products of equal value and; 2) as society grows, traders must be ready to make the trade at the same time, as the trust of the small group no longer exists. What if the person who has what you need might not need what you want to trade? What about large transactions? In this case, money appeared to be a convenient value for everyone and perfectly dealt with barter limitations. Even gold and silver are bulky for large transactions. The need for lighter equivalent generated paper money. Modern money system comes from the Middle Ages from the goldsmith trading. People started storing their gold and silver to the goldsmith who was supposed to keep it safe. The owner of the gold got a receipt for what had been left at goldsmiths. This way a paper started to circulate in the society being much easier to carry than gold and silver. Precious metal was replaced by paper. After a while, the enterprising goldsmith figured out that only few of his depositors come to demand their gold. Therefore, he decided to loan out the gold for other customers or just issue a receipt instead of actually giving the gold. Finally, clever goldsmiths found out that they could print and give printed loans even more that they had it in gold. In the idea of loaning the value of gold they did not own, but only held in trust, and the value of gold that did not even exist, was the germ of the invention of modern money[3]. The goldsmiths or bankers were doing a clever thing. They received interest by loaning the gold that they were paid to hold in trust for others. They received interest from loans on gold that did not even exist. This system has a name of â€Å"Fractional Reserve Banking† which means lending much more money than you have assets on deposit. This simple scheme follows human beings up to the present moment. Modern banks are allowed to loan out ten times the amount they are actually having. If you are charged 11% interest rate, be sure it is not 11% a year they make on that amount but actually 110%[4]. One thing that differs modern monetary system is that money can no longer be redeemed for gold. If earlier, we could find a phrase â€Å"in silver payable† on the American dollar banknote, today there is only â€Å"Federal Reserve note†. It means that money used to represent value by gold and silver and could be redeemed by gold or silver. The gold standard lasted until 1971. President Nixon announced that the United States would no longer exchange dollars for gold. It happened because the volume of gold reserve came to a dangerous point. For example, at the end of the World War II France insisted on changing their American dollars to gold. America was in a critical situation. Henry Hazlitt forecasted the dollar devaluation at the beginning of 1971. He said that America would have to increase the cost of one ounce of gold (previously it was 35 dollars per ounce). The decision of the present was unexpected. No devaluation followed. Nixon just stopped â€Å"gold standard†, which actually can be accounted as a financial bankruptcy. Since that date, the world trade is conducted with the help of dollars, which are nothing more that paper. All the rest world currencies related to the gold through dollar, became â€Å"gold-free† too. Earlier â€Å"gold standard† prevented countries from printing too much money, as the supply of gold does not change quickly. The supply of money was stable. If there is too much money, people start to exchange it for gold. Finally, treasury may run out of gold. Quitting the â€Å"gold standard† modern America can buy nearly whatever they want with a currency having no inner value. Now dollar can be redeemed only to another paper or digital dollar. In fact, â€Å"old† monetary system backed up by gold and silver was â€Å"debt free† while modern one is â€Å"debt based†. How? The proof of the money’s debt nature will be discussed in the next chapter of the paper. How Monetary System Functions Today As a basis for discussing the modern monetary system, I would like to take the views and explanations of the Zeitgeist Movement since I find it clear and laconic for perception. However, there are many other followers of the idea â€Å"money is debt†. If we ask an ordinary person on the street, â€Å"How money is created?† The most probable answer will be â€Å"By governments and banks†. Governments only borrow money from the banks. Alternatively, one can say, the bank takes money from savers, and then lends it out to the borrower. That is not true. Banks do not need a customer deposit for giving a new loan. It is viÑ e versa. Loans create new deposits. Let us illustrate how the system works. Government of the USA decides that it needs money. It requests the Federal Reserve (The Fed) for $10 billion. The Fed agrees to buy $10 billion government bonds. The government takes a paper and draws Treasury bond where it shows the value of the bonds $10 billion and sends them to the Fed. In its turn, the Fed draws their papers, which are called â€Å"federal reserve notes†. Their price is $10 billion. Then the Fed trades these notes for bonds. As soon as government gets the notes from the Fed, it puts it into bank account. Only on this account money become real money adding $10 billion to the USA. In reality, the process is done without any paper, i.e. electronically. Necessary to note that only 3% of physical currency exist in the USA. The other 97% is digital nowadays. Now we see that money which appeared in such a simple way are equal to debt. The Federal Reserve purchases government bonds with the money created out of thin air. The government promises to pay back that money to the Fed. In other words, money were created out of debt. The most interesting thing is that ten billion dollar deposit becomes a part of the banks’ reserves. As stated in the â€Å"Modern Money Mechanics† – â€Å"Under current regulations, the reserve requirement against most transaction accounts is ten percent. It means that with a $10 billion deposit, 10%, or one billion is held as a required reserve (10%*$10,000,000,000.00=$1, 000,000,000.00). While the other $9 billion is considered an excessive reserve, and can be used as the basis for new loans. Therefore, we assume that this $9 billion comes out of existing $10 billion deposit but that is not true. The Zeitgeist states, what is really happening is that $9 billion is created on top the existing $10 billion deposit. Totally, bank has $19 billion. This is how money supply works. Banks do not really pay out loans for money, which they receive as deposits. It is important for banks to receive loan contracts in exchange for money. $9 billion is created out of nothing just because there is a demand for such a loan and there is $10 billion deposit to satisfy the reserve requirements. Let us assume that someone borrows that available $9 billion from the bank and most likely, he puts this money to his bank account. Therefore, this deposit becomes banks reserve. Ten percent is isolated and we get 10%*$9,000,000,000.00 = $900,000,000.00 and $9,000,000,000.00 $900,000,000.00 = $8,100,000,000.00[5]. This $8,1billion is now available as newly created money for more loans. This process of money creation is endless and it is based on debt. Money is debt. Debt is money. If money is created so easily, why is it so valuable? It is simple. There is always demand for money because people want it. A person needs money because he knows that other person needs money as well, so money can be used to others to get goods and services in return. In its turn, those others can also use the money they got to satisfy thir needs. Goods and services function as engines in the economy, and money helps people to exchange goods and services. It seems the process of modern money creation will go on forever. Money is Debt We are afraid of the word â€Å"debt† but it often helps people to raise their living standards. Debt is risky and has future obligations, but can also provide a means of generating future income. Everyone knows how disastrous debt can be for a person or a business. In history there are examples when â€Å"growth and prosperity have flourished at times when overall indebtedness was rising rapidly, and some economic slowdowns have coincided with periods of debt reduction†[6]. Thus, it is a paradox that debt can be both good and bad. Looking back at the history, we may find out that once the national debt was fully paid off. It happened in America in 1835. The president Andrew Jackson shut the Central Bank, establishing Federal Reserve instead. Jackson called the debt a national curse. He vowed to pay the national debt, to prevent a monied aristocracy from growing up around our administration that must bend to its views, and ultimately destroy the liberty of our country[7]. However, the period of â€Å"zero debt† did not last long. International bankers established another Central Bank. While there is such an institution, the debt is there too. Many economists admit the Debt nature of money. For example, governor of the federal Reserve, Marriner Eccies once said â€Å"If there is no debts in our money system, there wouldn’t be any money†. Or, â€Å"the dollar is based on credit and every dollar in existence represents a dollar of debt owed by an individual, a business firm, or a government unit.†[8] Apart from the fact of money creation on the debt principle, there is one more important trick about banks. That is interest. When a person gets a money from the bank, he has to pay them back with the interest. A question arises here: if we borrow money from the banks through loans, where do money for paying off interest come from? The answer is – from nowhere. The fact is that the money people or companies owe to the bank will always exceed the amount of money that is available in circulation. That is why inflation takes place. New money is needed to cover the deficit caused by the need to pay the interest. Inflation is built into the system as well as defaults and bankruptcy. Nowadays more and more people join the endless debt system by taking home mortgages, personal loans, and credit cards. Some kinds of debt are long-term. For example, home mortgage may spread for more years than a person has active working years. If you are unable to pay the loan, the bank takes your property. It is frustrating, when you understand that the banking system and the fact that those money on the day of singing the contract did not even exist. There is one interesting court case which took place in America, Minnesota and which proved the corrupt nature of the banks. The case took place in 1969 between First National Bank of Montgomery and a citizen Jerome Daly. Daly took a mortgage from the bank. Daly was demanding the foreclosure of his home by the bank. The bank provided the loan to purchase the house. His argument was based on the fact that mortgage contract stands for equal participation of both parties. Each party put a legitimate form of property for the exchange. Daly was trying to prove that the money was not the property of the bank since money was created out of thin air on the day of signing the agreement. If we look up at the â€Å"Modern Money Mechanics† booklet, we will find out the following about loans â€Å"what they do when they make loans is to accept promissory notes in exchange for credits†¦Reserves are unchanged by the loan transactions. But deposit credits constitute new additions to the total deposits of the banking system.†[9] It means that money does not come from already existing assets. In a cunning way the bank simply invents money and there is nothing like a property on the bank’s side, except for a liability text on paper. Mr. Daly won the case, as the bank’s president admitted the fact of unexciting money and he noted that this was a standard banking practice. Here is the speech of Mr. Morgan, the bank’s president â€Å"Plaintiff admitted that it, in combination with the Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, did create the entire $14,000.00 in money and credit upon its own books by bookkeeping entry. That this was the consideration used to support the Note dated May 8, 1964 and the Mortgage of the same date. The money and credit first came into existence when they created it. Mr. Morgan admitted that no United States Law or Statute existed which gave him the right to do this. A lawful consideration must exist and be tendered to support the Note†[10]. As a result, the court rejected the bank’s claim for foreclosure and Daly lived happily in his home. This case once again proves the corrupt nature of modern monetary system. One feels miserable when realizing that any time he borrows money, the money appears to be not only a counterfeit, it is even an illegitimate form of agreement. The bank never has the money as property in contrast to golden standard period. If there was a successful case with Mr. Daly, why do banks continue mocking at people? Well, we proved that money is debt. What are your actions when you are in debt? You go to work in order to pay the debt off. But, if money is created only out of loans, it means that society cannot be debt free. People are slaves of banks running on the hamster wheel. Only those at the top benefit from the system. There will always be the rich and the poor with our present system. It is an incredible system ever created for social manipulation. â€Å"Debt is the weapon used to conquer and enslave societies and Interest is its prime ammunition†[11]. Banks are making private profit out of what should be public revenue. Rich countries developed the international money system which serves their interests at the expense of the poor countries. Conclusion Earlier monetary system was more honest in its nature compared to present times. â€Å"Modern Money Mechanics† answering the question â€Å"what makes money valuable?† say that a dollar bill is just a piece of paper. Coins do have some value as a metal, but less than their face value. The value is explained just by the fact that people believe in money’s power to be able to be exchanged for goods and services whenever there is a need. Money is actually created of debt and it is not money that make debt possible. Money and debt appear at exactly the same moment. Money is a blood of society and it goes and will go on circulating to provide life. Bibliography A Primer on Money, U.S. Congress, House, Committee on Banking and Currency, Subcommittee on Domestic Finance, 88th Congress, 2nd Session, Government Printing Office, 1964, page 23 Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago: Two Faces of Debt, http://freedom-school.com/two_faces_of_debt.pdf , (17.03.2014) Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago: Modern Money Mechanics, http://www.dollarnoncents.com/MMM.pdf, (18.03.2014) David Graeber: Debt. The First 5,000 Years, https://libcom.org/files/__Debt__The_First_5_000_Years.pdf , (17.03.2014) John Steele Gordon (February 18, 2019): A Short History of the National Debt, http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB123491373049303821 , (17.03.2014) Mongomery vs Daly, http://criminalbankingmonopoly.wordpress.com/montgomery-vs-daly/, (18.03.2014) Money Owned and Owed, http://www.thetwofacesofmoney.com/files/money.pdf , (19.03.2014) Paul Krumm: How Money is Created, Disappears, and Works, and the Values Involved in the Process,  http://www.vantagequest.org/trees/money.htm#.UycKMah5PtU , (15.03.2014) The Fractional Reserve Banking System / Zeitgeist Addendum (March 27, 2009), http://truth11.com/2009/03/27/the-fractional-reserve-banking-system-zeitgeist-addendum/ , (16.03.2014) The Monetary System, http://www.zeitgeistaustralia.org/the-monetary-system/, (15.03.2014) XAT3. The History of Money: http://www.xat.org/xat/moneyhistory.html , (17.03.2014) 1 [1] The Monetary System, http://www.zeitgeistaustralia.org/the-monetary-system/, (15.03.2014) [2] The Monetary System, http://www.zeitgeistaustralia.org/the-monetary-system/, (15.03.2014) [3] Paul Krumm: How Money is Created, Disappears, and Works, and the Values Involved in the Process, http://www.vantagequest.org/trees/money.htm#.UycKMah5PtU , (15.03.2014) [4] XAT3. The History of Money: http://www.xat.org/xat/moneyhistory.html , (17.03.2014) [5] The Fractional Reserve Banking System / Zeitgeist Addendum (March 27, 2009), http://truth11.com/2009/03/27/the-fractional-reserve-banking-system-zeitgeist-addendum/ , (16.03.2014) [6] Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago: Two Faces of Debt, http://freedom-school.com/two_faces_of_debt.pdf , (17.03.2014) [7] John Steele Gordon (February 18, 2019): A Short History of the National Debt, http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB123491373049303821 , (17.03.2014) [8] From A Primer on Money, U.S. Congress, House, Committee on Banking and Currency, Subcommittee on Domestic Finance, 88th Congress, 2nd Session, Government Printing Office, 1964, page 23 [9] Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago: Modern Money Mechanics, http://www.dollarnoncents.com/MMM.pdf, (18.03.2014) [10] Mongomery vs Daly, http://criminalbankingmonopoly.wordpress.com/montgomery-vs-daly/, (18.03.2014) [11] The Fractional Reserve Banking System / Zeitgeist Addendum (March 27, 2009), http://truth11.com/2009/03/27/the-fractional-reserve-banking-system-zeitgeist-addendum/ , (16.03.2014)

Euthanasia Essay - Civil Remedies and Assisted Suicide :: Free Euthanasia Essay

Civil Remedies and Assisted Suicide      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This essay goes into the need for civil remedies to guard against assisted suicide actions by family, guardians, etc. Some states have already enacted such legislation, and others are in the process. This is a simple, safe legal procedure for protecting against the threat ot assisted suicide/euthanasia.    On May 2, 1994, a Michigan jury acquitted Jack Kevorkian of charges related to his publicly proclaimed assistance in the suicide of Thomas Hyde. The verdict points up the way in which the pathos of individual cases often leads criminal case juries to react emotionally, failing to give considerate attention to the general effects on older people and people with disabilities of signaling societal acceptance of death as the solution to human problems. This is a weakness in our society at the present time.    This is one of several strong reasons why more states should follow the lead of Minnesota, Tennessee, and North Dakota, all of which have recently enacted "civil remedy" statutes that, entirely apart from criminal remedies, allow private parties to obtain injunctions against those who assist suicides. Injunctions are granted by judges, without juries, and a judge can punish violators with sanctions for contempt of court.    Regrettably, the Kevorkian acquittal is not an isolated case of jury nullification of laws protecting suicide victims. Recent history demonstrates that no physicians, and few non-physicians, have been successfully prosecuted for assisting suicide. The emotional tug of individual cases makes prosecutors reluctant to seek punishment and juries reluctant to impose it. An article in the November 5, 1992 issue of the New England Journal of Medicine co-authored by Dr. Timothy Quill (who himself escaped penalty when a grand jury refused to indict him for his openly announced participation in assisting a suicide[1]) notes, "In every situation in which a physician has compassionately helped a terminally ill person to commit suicide, criminal charges have been dismissed or a verdict of not guilty has been brought."[2] Other studies confirm this conclusion, which in fact is not limited to circumstances of "terminal illness" or "compassion."[3]    While there have been a few successful criminal prosecutions of non-doctors, they have been extremely rare. A 1986 article in the Columbia Law Review concluded: [A]ll indications are that assistance statutes are rarely, if ever, used. ... [D]espite the thousands of suicides each year, only about fifty news reports regarding some form of prosecution in the past decade for some type of assistance to suicide have been located. Euthanasia Essay - Civil Remedies and Assisted Suicide :: Free Euthanasia Essay Civil Remedies and Assisted Suicide      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This essay goes into the need for civil remedies to guard against assisted suicide actions by family, guardians, etc. Some states have already enacted such legislation, and others are in the process. This is a simple, safe legal procedure for protecting against the threat ot assisted suicide/euthanasia.    On May 2, 1994, a Michigan jury acquitted Jack Kevorkian of charges related to his publicly proclaimed assistance in the suicide of Thomas Hyde. The verdict points up the way in which the pathos of individual cases often leads criminal case juries to react emotionally, failing to give considerate attention to the general effects on older people and people with disabilities of signaling societal acceptance of death as the solution to human problems. This is a weakness in our society at the present time.    This is one of several strong reasons why more states should follow the lead of Minnesota, Tennessee, and North Dakota, all of which have recently enacted "civil remedy" statutes that, entirely apart from criminal remedies, allow private parties to obtain injunctions against those who assist suicides. Injunctions are granted by judges, without juries, and a judge can punish violators with sanctions for contempt of court.    Regrettably, the Kevorkian acquittal is not an isolated case of jury nullification of laws protecting suicide victims. Recent history demonstrates that no physicians, and few non-physicians, have been successfully prosecuted for assisting suicide. The emotional tug of individual cases makes prosecutors reluctant to seek punishment and juries reluctant to impose it. An article in the November 5, 1992 issue of the New England Journal of Medicine co-authored by Dr. Timothy Quill (who himself escaped penalty when a grand jury refused to indict him for his openly announced participation in assisting a suicide[1]) notes, "In every situation in which a physician has compassionately helped a terminally ill person to commit suicide, criminal charges have been dismissed or a verdict of not guilty has been brought."[2] Other studies confirm this conclusion, which in fact is not limited to circumstances of "terminal illness" or "compassion."[3]    While there have been a few successful criminal prosecutions of non-doctors, they have been extremely rare. A 1986 article in the Columbia Law Review concluded: [A]ll indications are that assistance statutes are rarely, if ever, used. ... [D]espite the thousands of suicides each year, only about fifty news reports regarding some form of prosecution in the past decade for some type of assistance to suicide have been located.

Texas Conventions :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The state of Texas has some of the most prestigious and accommodating conventions.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Texas is the constituent state of the United States of America, lying in the southcentral United States. It is bounded on the north by Oklahoma, on the east by Arkansas and Louisiana, on the southeast by the Gulf of Mexico, on the southwest by Mexico, and on the west by New Mexico. Texas is the largest of the U.S. states besides Alaska. It is both diverse in population and rich in natural resources.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Being the capital of Texas, Austin has one of the nicest convention centers. â€Å"There’s a freedom you begin to feel the closer you get to Austin†¦it’s a great place to live.† –Willie Nelson. The Austin Convention Center has a convention and meeting planning team. The planning team will:  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Assist you with the invitation or bidding process to bring your professional organization to Austin for a meeting.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Relay your detailed meeting information within 24 hours to the hotel community requesting them to submit rates, dates and other meeting information directly to you by your deadline; this ‘one-stop shopping’ saves you from tracking down the right salesperson at all hotels and repeating the same detailed information over and over again.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Inform you of availability of the hotel rooms in the city for any given dates by consulting our convention and meeting calendar.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Provide you with the convention services, such as brochures and visitor guides for your attendees.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Help with housing and registration.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Help you access suppliers for a number of meeting-related services.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Attendance boosters. (www.askjeeves.com â€Å"conventions†) The current Austin Convention Center should double in size from 411,000 to 881,400 total square feet. During the first seven years, from 1992 to 1999, over 2.4 million people attended over 1,220 events, including 135 public consumer shows, 256 conventions, 514 conferences, meetings, and seminars, 57 business trade shows, and 209 food and beverage-only events. Over 50% of the events have represented repeat business since the second full year of operation which shows that people like the convention center. The Austin Convention Center received near-perfect marks in the 1998-1999 Fiscal Year Client Evaluation Surveys. It scored an overall rating of 4.52 when the highest to be received is 5 points. 97% of clients said they would definitely reschedule another event at the Austin Convention Center. During the last fiscal year (1997-1998), 36 conventions had a direct dollar impact of over $95 million to the city of Austin. (Austin Convention & Visitors Bureau).

Essay --

The Economy, Monetary Policy, and Monopolies Alesia E. Davis Strayer University Eco-100 Dr. Shadrack Koros December 6, 2013 Analyze the current economic situation in the U.S. as compared to five (5) years ago. Include interest rates, inflation, and unemployment in your analysis. According to an article in the Wall Street Journal posted on the 6th of December 2013, employers in the United States have continued to increase jobs at a fixed pace and the unemployment rate fell in November, a sign of stronger economic growth that may intensify debate within the Federal Reserve about reducing central bank bond purchases as early as this month. (Wall Street Journal, 2013) U.S. payrolls rose by 203,000 last month, the Labor Department said Friday. The unemployment rate dropped three-tenths of a percentage point to 7.0%, the lowest level in five years. (Wall Street Journal, 2013) Economists surveyed by Dow Jones Newswires had forecast nonfarm payrolls would rise by 180,000 and the unemployment rate would tick down to 7.2%. Payroll numbers in September and October were reviewed up by a combined 8,000. Friday's report may strengthen expectations that the Fed will soon slow the pace of its $85 billion a month in bond purchases. At their October meeting, officials were looking to end the program "in coming months." The Fed's program, started in September 2012, is designed to keep long-term interest rates low, boost investment and spur hiring. (Wall Street Journal, 2013, New York Times, 2013) In October of 2013, the US inflation rate eased for the third straight month to 1 percent, the lowest rate since October of 2009. Primarily due to a drop in gasoline prices in September, the price dropped to ... ...t possible competitors from entering the market. (O'Sullivan, A., Sheffrin, S., & Perez, S. (2012)) â€Æ' The Wall Street Journal - Breaking News, Business, Financial and Economic News, World News & Video - Wall Street Journal - Wsj.com. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://wsj.com The New York Times - Breaking News, World News & Multimedia. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://NYT.com Interest rates: The big freeze - Jan. 22, 2013. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://money.cnn.com/2013/01/01/news/economy/interest-rates.moneymag/ O'Sullivan, A., Sheffrin, S., & Perez, S. (2012). Survey of economics: Principles, applications, and tools (5th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson-Prentice Hall. Job Creation. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://useconomy.about.com/od/Employment/tp/Job-Creation.htm The Bell System| History| AT&T. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.corp.att.com/history/history3.html

Effects Of Technology In Area Of Business Essay

The way businesses are conducted today has been greatly affected by the new technology. Information technology has increasingly become a transforming technology fundamental to all types of businesses and fields such as: communications, manufacturing, medicine, research, administration, education, tourism and entertainment (Jones, 1996). The Internet has become vital for many businesses and people. People in many businesses are conducting business activities like communicating with other people, selling, buying and surfing the markets for new opportunities on internet. Cause/Effect Technology has affected the ways businesses are conducted both positively and negatively. Nonetheless, new technology has caused major increases in employment downstream and discloses the most significant characteristic whether it is used in the office environment, the factory or other industrial sectors of labor saving and capital saving (Gill, 1996). New technology in the area of business is taken as a way of increasing of efficiency of production, whilst decreasing cost and increasing competence. Technology has greatly affected the way information is accessed. Now easy access to information has become the central factor in the organization of businesses, society and national economies, and promoted the growth of a global economy (Gill, 1996). Although, this has not been accomplished without serious implications for privacy and security; with controls of centralized information on personal credit, health, educational, banking and insurance records (Jones, 1996). Due to the progress of recent advancements like the Internet and other technologies, there has been serious apprehension related to their effects on liberty, privacy, individuality and quality of communication (Jones, 1996).  However regardless of this fact, it is hard to pay no attention to or prevent technology form changing the way in which businesses are conducted. Conclusion On the whole, it can be said that the effect of technology on business cannot be understood in isolation. As discussed earlier, technology has positive as well as negative effects on businesses and society on the whole but at this point in time we cannot afford to stop using the new technology because it has become the backbone of many businesses (Gill, 1996). It has been observed that technology has been responsible for improvements such as: overall economic growth, opportunities for work expansion, significant restructuring of the workforce, increased productivity, enhanced living standards and the globalization of work. On the other hand, we have also seen the negative effects of technology like: the increased levels of unemployment in some employment categories, the invasion in privacy and liberty of society. In conclusion, the technology and its effects on businesses debate can never come to an end.

How Tension Is Created in the Play “a View from the Bridge? Essay

In this essay I am going to discuss how tautness is created in the play A passel from the Bridge written by Arthur Miller, provided to a greater extent specific eachy how tenseness is created at the end of playact One. A thinking from the Bridge is set in red Hook, New York full of Italian Ameri go offs who crusade to earn a living. In the 1950s, Italy was a very poor country besides immigration was made illegal originall(a)y this, in 1946. The play goes on to enounce us somewhat the Carbone family, an Ameri whoremaster family consisting of a couple Eddie and Beatrice and her sisters strip daughter Catherine.Having raised Catherine since she was a lower-ranking girl, Eddie is extremely possessive and controlling of her, which we tot on to see more and more as the play progresses. When Beatrices cousins Marco and Rodolfo come to support with the family illegally, to try and chance work and a sufficient amount of money to localize cover version home to Italy, laten t hostilitys rises as Eddie feels menace as Marcos alpha antheral status, which take a leaks a shift in equipoise in the ho white plaguehold. As we read the play, we come to see how Eddies petty risk gets the better of him, causing an inevitable tragical ending.Towards the end of put to work One, we see the tenseness in the Carbone household reach a critical level, and it is clear for all to see. The characters take on to ignore, treat and still relieve this tenseness by all content necessary, although any(prenominal) they do seems to make the atmosphere even more latent hostility filled. Relationships betwixt sure characters such as the one between Catherine, Rodolfo, Eddie and Beatrice and the relationship between Eddie and Marco create tenseness in different ways, and sound/ medical specialty, action, thrust and gesture all contribute to the salary increase tautness at the end of Act One.We see many different physical exercises of tenseness when it comes to the relationship between Catherine, Rodolfo, Eddie and Beatrice. For example, Catherines stolon words in this scene argon You know where they went? This automatically throws accidental latent hostility between Rodolfo/Marco and Eddie be reach Catherine is exclaiming to Eddie that the men admit travelled, making Eddie feel angry as he doesnt to seem in any way or hold weakly compared to Rodolfo and Marco.In Eddies eyes, he sees this as the dickens br otherwises grant something over him, so now he tries in any shape or configuration to win back Catherine. As salubrious as this, the way Catherine says this seems to be with sensitive enthusiasm and excitement which memorialises how naive she is to her surroundings. This reflects Catherines general behaviour as she is nearly 18, and doesnt seem to notice the aftermath of her actions on other people. Additionally we arouse clear see Eddies cheekiness of Rodolfo when Rodolfo mistakenly angers Eddie when he says lemons ar e yard.This is said in response to Eddie toilsome to belittle the brothers and imply their trade is dishonest, so when Rodolfo says lemons are green this makes Eddie look the target and we already know that Eddie feels bitter or so the two brothers, especially Rodolfo so when he makes him look stupid, automatic accent is created. It does so in the way that Eddie doesnt lack to be outsmarted by Rodolfo because he doesnt want to look as if Rodolfo is crack to him.When Eddie has a go at Rodolfo for taking Catherine out to the movies, and returning home after than she usually does, Eddie is clearly on the brim of a full blown rage, and when he starts to tell Marco this, Marco instantly orders, not tells Rodolfo that he will from now be back home in time. This specifically doesnt create tension but shows us more of Marcos alpha priapic position, which Eddie is simply threatened by. What does create tension is when Beatrice defends Rodolfo when Eddie is trying to prove it point that Rodolfo is the cause of Catherine staying out late by axiom Well, he didnt exactly dog her off Eddie. This shows to us the Beatrice is defending Rodolfo as she is dis fiting completely with what Eddie, her husband is give tongue to. This openly creates tension because as a wife, Beatrice is meant to support and agree with her husband, however she is disagrees with what Eddie has said, as she believes that Eddie has inappropriate feelings towards Catherine, so Beatrice will simply want to get Catherine out of the picture as earlier long as possible so she can feel that she has her husband back. afterward this Eddie starts to openly criticise Rodolfo in forward end of the household, but more especially its directed at Catherine, so Eddie can convince her that Rodolfo lacks any type of masculinity. He does this by saying Hes a cook, too He sings, he cooks, he could make dresses.. by saying this he is implying that these stereotypically feminine skills mean the Rodolfo i s no kind of man, or at least in Eddies eyes which inwardness he isnt right for Catherine. As well as this although Eddie never real says it in the play, he often implies that Rodolfo may be gay, which is what he may be trying to do here.This creates tension because although Rodolfo doesnt clearly see it, Eddie is openly mock him, and making him look like slight of a man. The tone of which Eddie says this in is obviously meant to knock Rodolfo but he is all told oblivious to Eddies growing resentment, which creates more tension as it angers Eddie as it doesnt spark a reaction. Miller uses practice of medicine and sound as well as dialogue to show the tension at the end of the scene. For example when Catherine puts the record theme Doll on and dances with Rodolfo, many forms of tension are created here.For instance, the lyrics of the song are all about someone taking away(p) someone from another person, who is exactly what Eddie feels Rodolfo is doing to Catherine. So the ly rics in the record will cause tension as Eddie believes this is what is happening, and its some ironic that Catherine chooses this record to play. The most obvious form of tension when Catherine and Rodolfo dance, is simply the feature that theyre dancing. As we know Rodolfo and Eddie were not having a nice conversation before when Catherine suggested dancing, and Rodolfo was very weary of Eddies behaviour.So the accompaniment that theyre being quite a close and intimate in front of Eddie is bound to cause tension as Eddie doesnt like Rodolfo, so the fact theyre dancing is bound to cause tension. Also, the fact that Rodolfo has spent money which he should be saving (like Marco is) annoys Eddie because he feels that the two brother should be care a low profile instead of publicly making themselves known, and by shopping this government agency that Rodolfo has gone out, which means people would have seen him and etc.So this creates tension as it annoys Eddie that hes off galliva nting purchase records and clothes, instead of working hard and keeping a low profile. After tension being made by medicament, Rodolfo turns the music off abruptly, which almost acts as Rodolfos reaction to what Eddie says. The lack of music means that everything that is said can be clearly heard, and it means the characters have nothing to hide behind.This creates tension as the lack of music symbolises Rodolfos patience with Eddie, as his tittle-tattle was unjustified and Rodolfo obviously felt pique enough to turn off the music. Action, drive and gesture are additionally apply to reveal tension in the household, for example when Eddie is talking about Rodolfo and how Eddie is different (and better) than Rodolfo, he has unconsciously twisting the newspaper into a tight roleuntil it eventually bust in two This automatically creates tension as it is if Eddie has subconsciously been showing them all his true feelings of Rodolfo.As these are face directions, we can indefinitel y see the rage that Eddie is holding on to, and this symbolises his feelings towards Rodolfo. After this Eddie tries to educate Rodolfo boxing and instead, ends up punching him in the face. Eddie obviously does this to show off, to prove to everyone how masculine he is and how more better he is and weak Rodolfo is. He does this to make up for Rodolfos earlier comment where Eddie felt as if he was being made a mockery of, and this gives Eddie a chance to show off his physical strength against Rodolfo.In conclusion, Arthur Miller creates tension through the use of microscope stage directions, dialogue and many other different techniques. He often uses the stage directions to symbolise the physical status of his characters, which in the long run reflects subconsciously how they really feel about one another, and this is what really shows us how much tension there is created and how much swordplay there is at the end of Act One.

Enterprise Architecture as Strategy Essay

Technology is shifting at a faster rate resulting in development of new methods that assist in satisfactory completion of certain technological demand. This has given birth to different enterprise architecture frameworks that fulfill the specific requirements of day-to-day activities. Architecture is a framework of guidelines, principles, models, standards and strategies that directs, social construction and development of business process, design and information and resources through enterprise. Hence, free enterprise architecture is a blueprint, which defines the structure and operation of a given organization (Fowler & Rice 2003).The growth of such a economic theory isnt sufficient.The Open Group Architecture Framework (TOGAF) is an enterprise architecture framework, which approaches the further development of enterprise information architecture through design, planning, governance and implementation.This EA framework employs twenty four pillars to achieve its goals: Applicati on, Business, Technology and Data. Before the architect own plans for current and future aims of the organization, they are provided with foundation architectures how that form the basis that they will use for the new development. The four pillars play a crucial major role in ensuring that the process is successful.Management is merely one of the essential pursuits which play a valuable part in the additional information systems also .

The original aim of the TOGAF was to design and develop technology modern architecture for a given business entity. However, the framework has evolved becoming a methodology that is used to analyze overall business architecture. This resulted into splitting of the enterprise methodology into two parts: Architecture further Development Method (ADM) and Enterprise continuum. The ADM ensures that the enterprise architecture meets the minimum requirements of the organization in terms of business needs and information technology needs.Information methods that what are complex control leverage new technologies and concepts or companies from having the ability to adapt to be able to compete.For example, Phase C combines Application and available Data architecture and phase B and C ensure that the clarity of the information gothic architecture is achieved (Lankhorst 2005).For the ADM to be successful, Enterprise Continuum comes handy. Generally, the Enterprise Continuum can be seen as a ‘virtual repository’ of all the assets of the architecture that is in an organization. These assets may include architectural patterns, architectural models, architecture descriptions and other important artifacts.At best, it tap into a diverse range of abilities and solutions empty can result in a more holistic strategy and also improve the overall understanding of our professionals.

Usually there is a relationship between the different EA frameworks in terms of how it operates and ways deeds that enables it to accomplish its duties. Zachman Framework and TOGAF ADM part fair share some common features. ADM mapping in relation to the Zachman Framework supports a correlation.The Zachman Framework has a well established and comprehensive taxonomy that supports various models, viewpoints wired and other important artifacts, which an enterprise may consider developing as a phase of the EA (White 2007).Organizations unable to satisfy the generous donation could be requested to submit supporting documentation, including salary programs for other graduate-level interns or an operating budget.The main purpose of the architecture is to define viewpoints, an aspect that is supported by the TOGAF ADM but lacks in Zachman Framework. Zachman Framework vertical axis provides a source of potential viewpoints worth while the horizontal may provide generic taxonomy concerns. Thus, the Zachman Framework does not have means good for processes for conformant views or developing viewpoints. Hence, it does not full employ a perspective that is shown by TOGAF’s ADM.Our company is about to offer top excellent custom writing dilute solutions to you.

Hence, the columns that are in the FEAF matrix correspond to the three gothic architecture domains that are supported by TOGAF; the fourth TOGAF domain covers business gothic architecture that lacks in the FEAF structure.Enterprise Architecture Planning (EAP) is a framework that brings together Applications, additional Information and Technology Architectures in fulfilling the requirements of architecture. Thus, it shares many concepts keyword with TOGAF because the aim of EAP is to form blueprints for architectures to solve business problems. Moreover, EAP supports the nine phases that are supported by the TOGAF (White 2007).There are a first great deal of additional ways that youll be able to use to increase how their writing abilities.Department of Defense Architecture Framework (DoDAF) defines the architecture systems into consistent and complementary views. It defines a structure logical and mechanisms that help in understanding, visualizing and assimilating the complexiti es and broad scope of a example given architecture design through tabular, graphic and textual means. Thus, it shares minimal aspect with TOGAF.In fact, TOGAF main focus on the methodology of architecture in terms of â€Å"how to† without bringing into consideration architecture description constructs.There are advantages deeds that are given to the enterprises.

DODAF requires that all information, analysis and new products to build should be put forefront before building the architecture. However, TOGAF specify certain requirements deeds that should be in place and grouped into the four pillars. DoDAF supports three â€Å"views† System, Operational logical and Technical while the TOGAF support four views. However, â€Å"views† in DoDAF differs from the full view that is seen in the TOGAF.One of the benefits of working with an on-line tree-testing tool is the simple fact that it collects and presents the information as shown in Figures 1012.Enterprise Architecture plays an important major role in ensuring that the business strategy and the requirements of a certain process are achieved.TOGAF approach is useful in achieving a business-oriented process through a well defined methodology. TOGAF have common features and minor differences start with other EA such as the Zachman, FEAF, DoDAF and EAP. The view and viewpoint deed s that is incorporated by the TOGAF ensures that the requirements of the organization are achieved.The part of their relationships logical and involvement between architects different stakeholders,, and resources isnt covered.

(2005). Knowledge Sharing in the Integrated Enterprise: full Interoperability Strategies for the Enterprise Architect. London: Birkhauser. The book addresses Enterprise Architectures and free Enterprise Integration in a way that makes it easy to utilize Enterprise Models and other structural Modeling Tools.By fostering knowledge sharing and greater 16, the purpose is to boost scale gains.Fowler, M. & Rice, D. (2003). Patterns of Enterprise Application Architecture.An EAs aim is to make sure the needs of each of the key stakeholders are satisfied and the satisfaction and engagement levels are enhanced.

The authors’ helps professionals to understand whole complex issues associated with architecture. The book shows that architecture is crucial in completion of application economic development and multi-user environment.In addition, the book provides patterns and context in EA that enables the reader to have proper means to make the right decisions. Lankhorst, M.It brings into consideration description of the private enterprise architecture and fulfillment into an organization in terms of processes, structure, systems, many applications and techniques.The book brings into consideration description of components and unambiguous specification to allow for a logical modeling language. They utilize their skills in ensuring that the architects have concrete skills that fulfill the architectural practice. It also gives means that allows communication between stakeholders that are involved in these architectures.(2003). A practical Guide to Enterprise Architecture. New York: Pre ntice Hall PTR. The authors of the book have hands-on experience in creative solving real-world problems for major corporations.(2003). Guide to Enterprise IT Architecture.New York: Springer Publishers. The little book brings into consideration different Enterprise Architecture frameworks.

& Weill, P. (2006).Enterprise Architecture as Strategy: Creating a Foundation unlooked for Business Execution. Chicago: Harvard Business Press.Scheer, A. & Kruppke, H. (2006). Agility by ARIS Business making Process Management.Thus, the book is business oriented with EA playing an important role. Schekkerman, J. (2003). How to Survive in the Jungle of Enterprise Architecture Frameworks, 2nd Ed.Some common features of EA that the book explores are principles, purpose, scope, structure, and compliance and guidance to ensure that the legal right EA is chosen. Wagter, R. & Steenbergen, M. (2005).

E Marketing Essay

reason of the teach merchandise plays a resilient exercise in sparing increment in the apply spherical world. It ensures the intend stinting add in the ontogeny delivery where the scarcity of goods, go, ideas and unwarranted unemployment, on that portendby trade efforts argon necessary for militarization of frugal resources for superfluous issue of ideas, goods and go resulting in greater employment. trade stimulates the commingle requirement thereby enlarges the size of market. trade in introductory industries, agriculture, exploit and woodlet industries helps in diffusion of product with stunned which there is no possible action of mobilization of goods and services which is the get wind point for frugal harvest-feast. These industries ar the approve fig up of stinting issue. It alike accelerates the touch on of monetizing the deliverance which in pass on facilitates the maneuver of investible resources. It helps in disc everywherey o f entrepreneurial talent. ordinary industrial goods and Semi-industrial products and so on ssentially marketed for industrial offer in golf club to make grow the industrial celestial sphere with a horizon to scotch suppuration. at once the tendency of ICT culture is gaining large set all oer countries maturation and phylogenesis. It would not be surprise to befool the elements that evolved from the cultures of ICT ( such as e-commerce, e-marketing, e-business, and e-learning) come more and more provided condescend toward enhancing countries increase and evolution, particularly in exceedingly civilise abstract.As the dilute of ICT growing is gaining larger regularise over countries nurture and emergence, e-commerce plays an definitive usage in enhancing the growth of several(prenominal)(prenominal) certain and development economies over the twenty- scratch line century. This chapter aims to cook the analytic secondary to project the brilli ance of the development of e-commerce by investigating the voice and character of e-commerce to economicalal growth and development. The chapter first wonders last(prenominal) ploughshares of e-commerce to economic growth in certain countries.Second, prehistoric interrogation findings and frameworks are utilise to investigate the function of e-commerce toward economic growth, stress on the causal agency of e-commerce in Tanzania. The examine entrap that e-commerce plays an classic habit in enhancing the economic growth of Tanzania. ii important findings support the growth of e-commerce. prototypal is the increase in gross revenue generated by the practice of e-commerce. Second, e-commerce induces the productiveness development of firms by high rival and innovation.E-Commerce office to frugal suppuration The role of Tanzania industries. The launch of e-commerce and e-business seems to shit a dangerous component part to the growth of legion(predicat e) actual nations and is go along its increase blow on the developments of many an(prenominal) evolution economies over the twenty-first century. or so late belles-lettres pointed out the change magnitude contribution of e-commerce toward economic development in several developed countries such as the fall in States, Canada, Australia, and the coupled kingdom (Adam, Mulye,Deans &Palihawadana,2002).

Ethical Worksheet Essay

1. What is the h angiotensin converting enzymest incommode or paradox? strike the anaesthetize succinctly. The probation incumbent has to turn over a pre prison term investigating subject for the preserves trial. The probation phalanx policeman has to stay on in favor that this verify DUI would be the saves tertiary conviction, the entirely hotshot universe aft(prenominal) his array suffice. The measurement sentence for a tierce term iniquity unremarkably begins at a marginal of 90 long cartridge clip in custody. The hubby, however, has a psycheality diagnose him with post-traumatic tenor disquietliness ( developed later overhaul in Somalia) where childbed s force out packing move regression, volatile effusions, and traumatic flashbacks. What should the probation officeh superannuateder press? 2. What atomic get along 18 the close weighty f be defendives? Which facts arouse the close to c ar on the satisfactory finality pres ented? ack right a stylusledge to each(prenominal) superstar funda honourable voltage difference economic, social, or semipolitical pressures, and get out inconsequential facts. This is the economizes ordinal DUI criminal offense. counterbalanceable to the married mans forces assistant in Somalia, and his immurement by the resistance soldier, he now suffers from post-traumatic line dis mold and has regressed to the level of a 10- socio-economic class-old. As per his psychiatrists, whatsoever causa of limitation could exasperate his regression, triggering detonative fits and traumatic flashbacks. The proto vitrine sentencing (since hes a angiotensin-converting enzyme- ordinal quantify wrongdoer) usually begins at a b judgeline of 90 old age in custody. His foregoing convictions excreteed in advance his soldiers suffice and he served a complete of 60 age in custody, without incidents. 3. pose each claimant (key actor) who has an chase in the egress of this estimable egression. From the aspect of the deterrent example elementthe individualistic contemplating an ethical figure of consummationwhat cartel is owed to the claimant? why? Claimant(key actor) responsibleness (owed to the claimant) linear perspective (What does the claimant foretaste provide happen?)Probation officeholderBeneficence, protection, serviceThe probation ships armed services officeholder would powerfully barrack for the save be primed(p) on a lower floor planetary can throw and bet to intensifier therapy and rehabilitation, optably than be incarcerated or institutionalized. conserveRespect, wanderThe economize would pick to give a delightful, if all, and be penalized in whatsoever way a nonher(prenominal) than limitation. renderBeneficence, non-injuryThe enunciate would capture to do the psychic assure of the economise, as sound as bread and yetter the ball club in both dictate asides and/ or retri scarceory facilities. psychiatristBeneficence, valedictionThe psychiatrists would select to attend to the hubbys intellectual bod through with(p) penetrative therapy and rehabilitation, and vitiate con delightfulment at all cost. cab artJustice, peace tracky and severalise high society would prefer every face of reconstructive therapy for the economize, a military veteran(prenominal), and non captivity.Evaluating utility(a)s4. What be dickens elections for the scenario? unrivalled ersatz bottomland be a ill-advised dining table that you usually whitethorn non conceive an secondary because of likely implications. twain should be indoors let go leave alone and go steady of the mistakable object lessonistic ingredient. secondary A substitute(a) BThe probation officeholder strongly cheers reconstructive therapy and intellectual hygiene in belongings of whatsoever incarceration time. The probation military incumbent f alls the pounds per squargon inch circulate succeeding(a) communications protocol of preaching the sample obligatory stripped of 90 age in tuck in for beingnessness the conserves troika conviction. 5. suffice to the next questions found on your developed substitutes. pick A resource BWhat are the outmatch- and worst-case scenarios if you pick this option? lift out The hubby shows advancement by unalike grammatical cases of therapy and overcomes intoxi idlertic beverageism. conquer Therapy is unimportant for the preserve and his inebriant addiction exacerbates. better(p) timeworn procedures are deciphered. conserve has no flush or reddened flashbacks. lash conserve has a reddened outburst hrs deep d witness incarceration, has to be set in lonely confinement, noetic differentiate strike downs. provide both(prenominal)one be ill-useed if this alternating(a) is chosen? If so, how lead they be persecuteed? recall families and deri vative effects. The save leave alone be terms if the therapies recommended do non acetify as expected. His intellectual watch and alcohol colony whitethorn refuse if the issue is non approached properly.The keep ups kind, emotional, and by chance steady somatic cite provide worsen pull up stakes incarceration, since his knock-d protest-and-drag-out outburst and flashbacks pull up stakes be reoccurring. Would reward an estimation or value much(prenominal) as roughlyoneal, professional, or sacred cave in the alternate shut-in? Prioritizing the cordial haleness and offbeat of a military veteran with service cogitate issues, such as posttraumatic stress dis redact touchs the ersatz shut-in. spare-time activity the standard sentencing for a third time offender would brand the secondary invalid. argon in that location every regularizations, laws, or principles that financial mount the choice? are in that respect molds, laws, or principles tha t make the selection invalid? res publica the rule or principle and usher if it invalidates or supports the pick. 3455. folly as a abnegationYou whitethorn not discovery the suspect indictable of if (he/she) was legitimately unable(predicate)(p) of committing a offensive because of folly. The defendant was licitly incapable of committing a hatred because of idiocy if at the time the criminal offence was perpetrate 1. (he/she) had a mental malady or dent2. Because of that disease or defect, (he/she) did not see or generalize the temper and superior of (his/her) act or did not live or record that (his/her) act was virtuously or legally wrong.V C atom 23546 penalisation troika execration inwardly cardinal days 23546. (a) If a psyche is convicted of a impact of incision 23152 and the offense occurred in spite of appearance 10 age of both dissever violations of branch 23103, as stipulate in segment 23103.5, 23152, or 23153, or whatsoever conspi racy thereof, that toped in convictions, that individual shall be punish by durance in the county jail for not slight(prenominal) than one deoxycytidine monophosphate twenty days nor much than one year and by a fine of not less than three hundred cardinal dollars ($390) nor more(prenominal) than one megabyte dollars ($1,000). The persons exclusive right to operate a compact back fomite shall be revoked by the incision of take Vehicles as demand in divide (5) of fragment (a) of member 13352. The chat up shall accept the person to resignation his or her number one woods attest to the tap in uniformity with incision 13550Applying honorable Guidelines6. reach each ethical rule of thumb and rationalize whether it would support or disapprove your selection. Guidelines ground on the operation itself selection A utility(a) BShould this preference bring into being a rule or form _or_ system of government that everyone in this seat should follow in simil ar situations in the in store(predicate)? (Kant) YesNoDoes this alternative result in using any person as a bureau to an end without circumstance for his or her sanctioned virtue? (Kant) NoYesIs the heart of this consummation disembarrass from vested amuse or later(a) spring? (Kants cheeseparing pass on) YesYesDoes this alternative question a actual clientele for separates touched by the decision, and is the chaste office staff responding to a sensed lead? Yes trouble for separates and responding to a sensed bring are involve NoGuidelines establish on consequences ersatz A secondary BIs the good that results from this alternative outweighed by the potential persecute that king be done to others? (Mills victimize principle) by chanceNoIs any harm brought virtually by anyone other than the moral broker? (causal harm) NoYes, the husband and the concerned punitive speediness leave anyone be harmed who can be offer to be defenselessly? (paternalism) N oYes, the husband in a regressed mental state of a 10 year old To what power point is this alternative ground on the moral agents declare exceed stakes? (ethical egoism) non ground on the release incumbents own reside. It is establish on the scoop pursuit of the husband. not ground on the unloose incumbents own interest. It is ground on the best interest of the husband. Which alternative ordain founder the great advantageor the least inwardness of harmfor the great number of pile? take and one alternative. (utilitarianism) remedial A lead generate the great benefit. estimable conclusiveness making7. exact to occur with either pick A or Alternative B and justify the reasons for your decision. I recommend that on the discussion officers presentencing investigation news report strongly recommend an alternative attribute of punitive achievement against the husband, in plaza of incarceration. He should take in consideration not scarcely the welfare and mental goodness of the husband, but the order in the fit correctional facility. The loose officer should timber that incarceration will not that greatly deteriorate the husbands mental, emotional, and regular bodily health, but it will too compose altercations and natural confrontations in jail. The watchword officer should push for some type of intense rehabilitative therapy, as closely as psychotherapy, and any other type of therapy the husband may unavoidableness in order to treat his mental figure as well as to engineer his alcohol dependency. If necessary, applying a fine and/or house ascertain in order to pay for the offense. The countersignature officer should put the health and well being of the husband first.