Essay Impact of Technology on Music - 1417 Words

Impact of Technology on Music The introduction to the internet in the early nineties and the creation of broadband, MP3, and the file sharing network known as â€Å"peer to peer† has completely revolutionised the music industry. A large percentage of music is today downloaded over the internet, and not bought over the counter in a record store. This essay will address the impact of new technology on music, and how music is distributed. To do this, the paper will first briefly explain the history of the digital revolution. Then it will contrast the problems and the possibilities this technology has created. Over the years, the development of new technology has caused significant changes to the world we are living in. These technological†¦show more content†¦Broadband cable modems are able to give high-speed Internet access to ordinary computer users. The invention of MP3, the popular data-reduction software, allowed people to compresses sound recordings into data files small enough to be stored on the hard drive of a personal computer, sent via e-mail, or downloaded from websites. Such files can also be downloaded from peer-to-peer file-sharing sites, the best known sites are sites like Kazaa, Ares, and WinMx. These sites are web-based clearing houses that allow their users to make MP3 files available for free to all other users. In addition, many record labels have launched or are launching online delivery systems from which their recordings can be downloaded for a fee (Teachout, 2002). Millions of people now download music for free and burn the songs onto blank discs. This is illegal but available and at present because of the mass numbers of people doing it, and it’s having a very real and harmful impact on countless musicians, songwriters, and performers. Today, more that 2.6 billion files are downloaded illegally every month (Musicunintended.org, 2004). Despite its apparent position of power, the recording industry is vulnerable on more than one front. Key lawmakers have bluntly told the industry to find a solution to the music-sharing problem or face arbitrary legislation. Regardless of whether the present file-sharing sitesShow MoreRelatedTechnology And Its Impact On The Music Industry Essay2573 Words   |  11 Pages Technology and Its Impact on the Music Industry Name College Technology and its Impact on the Music Industry Introduction The creation of musical works has always been culminated by several different processes and usually involves many people. The process takes a lot of time delaying the release of music. Advancement in technology has played a significant role in the music production by lowering the length of time it takes to produce recorded material. Artists usually sign a contractRead MoreImpact Of Technology On The Music Industry1933 Words   |  8 PagesOver the years, music has become portable, starting with the transistor to a set of headphones. Technology has allowed us to create a diverse musical culture. Music will always have an effect on one’s culture, and it has definitely mad a huge impact on the use of technology. Cultural diversity is about bringing people closer together though the World Wide Web. Many music publishers are the key to cultural diversity when it comes to publishing all genres. They will increasingly continue to play aRead MoreThe Impact Of Technology On The Musi c Industry1845 Words   |  8 Pagestoday’s music is trash. It’s repetitive and oversimplified, and all because of this new music technology constantly being developed. A listener rarely hears a piece of music that has not been touched by technology, but this isn’t necessarily a bad thing. These people fail to realize that the theory of music technology has been around since the 1700’s when Mozart invented a game using a die to compose music by chance (Baggi). It is also important to realize the true of meaning of technology to societyRead MoreThe Impact Of Technology On The Music Industry Essay2587 Words   |  11 PagesTechnology: The Significant Impacts on the Music Industry It’s intriguing how the music industry has significantly changed throughout the years due to the constant increase of technology. There are many different reasons to show how technology has made a huge impact whether positive or negative on this phenomenal industry. Music cultivates so much meaning to the world, and speaks volumes on the behalf of individuals when they don’t know what to physically say. That being said, whether it’s listeningRead MoreThe Impact Of Technology On The Music Industry Essay1310 Words   |  6 PagesTechnology has brought many advantageous opportunities to the music industry in the area of production and distribution. Besides popular and valuable instruments such as the electric guitar and the synthesizer, technology has brought us new production equipment such as high-fidelity microphones, re-mastering equipment and CD-ROMs that provide us with a crystal-clear sound of the recording. The development of these equipment has allowed the audience to experience a higher quality of sound coming fromRead MoreImpact Of Technology On The Music Industry1414 Words   |  6 PagesDevelopments within the music industry are seemingly frequent and numerous due to diversity and the various issues faced. For a sector that consistently adapts to demand, it was logical to decipher a development which not only alters significant factors within the industry, but also a development which endures (and even encourages) smaller advancements. The increase in readily available technology has had a significant effect on the music industry. Unlike other developments, advancing technology is constantRead MoreImpact Of Technology On The Music Industry Essay1139 Words   |  5 PagesCreating music has likewise turned out to be more open and more moderate with a few specialists recording work in their home, or enlisting out a recording studio for a day. Luke Henderson of Fluke Productions, a recording studio in London perceives that contrast ed and a quarter century, it is much simpler for craftsmen to kick begin their profession. When a track is transferred to the web it can be gotten to by individuals over the world on the off chance that they know where to look. The music businessRead More The Impact of Recording Technology on Music Essay2003 Words   |  9 PagesThe Impact of Recording Technology on Music Most successful musicians know a hidden art carried out by the work of a good sound engineer; it is essential for a magnificent album. For the rest of us novice listeners and fans, we believe what we hear through our speakers or played over the radio are the true skilled professional musicians, soaring at their craft. Most contemporary music, from pop to RB and acid jazz to the sophisticated realm of orchestral film scores, has been modernizedRead MoreThe Impacts of Technology on Music Recording Industry and Society1751 Words   |  8 PagesThe Impacts of Technology on Music Recording Industry and Society TV has restored the daily life of family, Photography has altered the way we look at the world, the computer has changed everything.† (Mark Katz, 2010) It is true the computer has converted everything into digital. Digital technology has also changed the ways of sound and voice recording. It has gradually led to the changes not only in the production of sound but also in the views of societyRead MoreDiscuss the Impact of Digital Technology on the Production and Distribution of Music.1547 Words   |  7 Pagescenturies past, music has seen leaps and bounds in the enhancement of theory, instruments, and recording arts. The first major leap was the invention of the piano in 1709 by Bartolomeo Cristofori. From that first major step came the introduction of electronic instruments short after the harnessing of electricity which came in the early 19th century. Soon after that came recording and then on to synthesizers and eventually digital recording. As computers were introduced to society, computer music was also

Unemployment Unemployment And Unemployment - 1573 Words

INTRODUCTION What is unemployment? Unemployment happens when a man who is effectively looking for employment is not able to find some kind of employment. Unemployment is regularly utilised as a measure of the economy’s wellbeing. The most regularly referred to gauge of unemployment is the unemployment rate. This is the quantity of unemployed persons divided by the quantity of individuals in the work force. The unemployed are those individuals capable, accessible and willing to work at the going wage yet can t discover work in spite of a want to work. How is unemployment measured? Measuring unemployment precisely is made difficult due to improper facts. Not all cases of unemployment are recorded, and a few records of unemployment may not be exact. Since the unemployed are qualified for benefits, a few people may work, yet do not disclose it, and take advantage. On the other hand, numerous unemployed may not try to inform the authorities, and this unemployment goes unrecorded. The Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) conducts a monthly Labour Force Survey. This family unit survey is intended to create key facts of unemployment (and employment) from a sample of more or less 56,000 individuals. The study s meaning of unemployment matches to universal benchmarks and rules. According to ABS unemployed persons are characterised as all persons aged 15 years and over who were not working amid the reference week and: had effectively searched for work in the past fourShow MoreRelatedUnemployment For Unemployment1196 Words   |  5 Pagesthat as the state level of unemployment decreased, so too did successful rehabilitation in competitive employment (Chan, et al., 2014). The weakness of this research was that it focused on one year before and one year after the U.S. economic recession. Hence, the recession’s impact on specific states and models of employment may not apply to specific vocational rehabilitation service areas. Additionally, the research only predicted male employment; hence consideration for females was absent fromRead MoreUnemployment And The Unemployment Rate1368 Words   |  6 PagesUnemployment happens when individuals are without work and effectively looking for work. The unemployment rate is a predominance s measure of unemployment and it is figured as a rate by separating the quantity of unemployed people by all people right now in the work power. During periods of recession, an economy usually experiences a relatively high unemployment rate. Economists distinguish between various overlapping types of and theories of unemployment, including cyclical or Keynesian unemploymentRead MoreUnemployment And The Rate Of Unemployment Essay1271 Words   |  6 PagesRate of unemployment The definition of ‘Unemployment’ is given by International Labour Organisation (ILO) and adopted by Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS) as â€Å"A person aged 15 years and over is considered as unemployed if he/she do not work at all during the preceding week of the survey (even an hour in the reference week) and is actively looking for work or is available for work but do not work due to temporary illness or because there is no work available†. The rate of unemployment increasedRead MoreUnemployment Is A Measure Of Unemployment1532 Words   |  7 PagesAccording to Balami (2006) unemployment is conceptualized as a situation wherein a worker is or workers are involuntarily out of work. This means that workers are willing and able to work but cannot find any work. Unemployment has been defined by the classical economists as the excess supply of labour over the demand for labour which is cause by adjustment in real wage. The Classical or real-wage unemployment occurs when real wages for job are set above the market-clearing level, causing number ofRead MoreThe Unemployment Rate Of Unemployment Essay1023 Words   |  5 Pageshundred forty thousand jobs, being beyond people’s expectations believing it would have only been 190,000 jobs. This situation calmed everyone about the economy s health making the unemployment rate of 4.9, till now the unemployment rate has remained the same. Many professionals in economics believe that an unemployment rate of 4.9% is full employment. As of today we are stabled and doing well, companies have been hiring more people, the minimum wage rose a dollar to ten dollars which means peopleRead MoreUnemployment And Its Effects On Unemployment1317 Words   |  6 Pagesgoes through various fluctuations in activ ity causing unemployment to fall, rise, or level out. What this creates is the first type of unemployment, known as cyclical; frictional is the second type, caused by a temporary leave (for whatever reason) by the employee, and structural is the third type, varying with the economic changes in demand. The absence of unemployment at its maximum level is termed full employment, another version of unemployment. The term encompassing the sum of the frictional, structuralRead MoreThe Unemployment Problem Of Unemployment2398 Words   |  10 Pagesissues affecting several counties is unemployment, US being no special case. Unemployment can also be attributed to as joblessness. Unemployment is conditions where people do not have jobs still are searching actively for the work. The most influenced are the youths who discover themselves inactive for not having jobs after finishing their studies. The unemployment rate is a measure of the prevalence of unemployment. Several countries undergo hi gher rates of unemployment amid the periods of recession.Read MoreUnemployment And Its Effects On Unemployment4263 Words   |  18 Pagesdependency on past history; Hysteresis in unemployment therefore implies that unemployment depends on its past. This further implies that demand or supply side shocks to unemployment have the tendency to permanently affect the unemployment path (Saeid Eisazadeh 2014). There are several explanations for the persistence of unemployment, George S. et al (1988) highlights two broad explanations for the persistence of unemployment. The first states that long run unemployment rate is impacted by exogenous shocksRead MoreUnemployment Rate Measurement Of Unemployment879 Words   |  4 Pages Unemployment Rate Measurement The Labor force is composed by employment and unemployment. According to the Economic fifth edition, the unemployment is when someone not currently at work but who is available for work and who has actively looked for work during the previous month. There are three types of unemployment: frictional, structural and cyclical unemployment. The unemployment is one of the biggest problems that any society has to face it. The unemployment reflects the status of the economyRead MoreUnemployment And Its Impact On The Nation s Unemployment Essay1712 Words   |  7 PagesUnemployment is one of the biggest topics that we talk about as a country and also is one of the biggest problems that we have as well. In essence it is the state of being unemployed. There are three total types of unemployment: frictional, structural and cyclical. The latest unemployment rate reported by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) was 4.9% in January. The way that we measure unemployment is BLS conducts a national survey that is random to a number around 60,000 households. They do this

Should the government have a say in what we eat Free Essays

Some may say that we need more guidance from the government in what we eat but I disagree. The control our government has is already overwhelming most of o our lives so we as citizens should not have to be forced into eating anything because the govern meet says so. We are taught from an early age on what has proper nutrition and what is he althea. We will write a custom essay sample on Should the government have a say in what we eat? or any similar topic only for you Order Now We also have the food pyramid to show us what we need in our body system to f unction throughout the day. If people see that and do not follow them, it is their choice e and the decisions that they are making. If you decide to eat something that is unhealthy why and gain weight, it is your responsibility to lose that weight again. If you decide to eat healthy, which can benefit you later on in your life, again it is your responsibility to keep eat Eng healthy and staying healthy. You are the person who make the choices in your life and YOU U should be the one responsible for your actions; not anybody else. There are so many things that the government limits us to do; if they decide to limit what kind of food we eat, the tats one more step towards them limiting us to do things around in this country. Although s mom guidance in what we eat can be helpful to those who are uneducated, most people learn a ND know what is healthy and what is not. In America alone, more than % of adults are obese. How to cite Should the government have a say in what we eat?, Papers

Walmart for Ethical Management

Question: Discuss about the Walmart for Ethical Management. Answer: Introduction 21st Century has made Ethics, an integral priority of any Organization. Ethics refer to values and principles followed by the employees of an organization while delivering services or taking decisions for the firm. Since Sam Walton founded Walmart stores, it has always been a value-based organization, ethically catering the needs of the people. Global ethics have been held responsible for promoting Walmarts Culture of Integrity. But in the recent times, the firm has constantly been questioned on its ethical practices. This piece of work below is written to attain three pivotal objectives: Firstly, to critically evaluate the sustainable practices of the firm and their validity; Secondly, to unveil the ethical issues of the firm, its stakeholders and companys measures to combat them and; Thirdly, to assess the authenticity of the CSR activities of the brand. Walmarts approaches towards Sustainability Walmart has always tried to provide the best standards of living to its consumers by offering them the products at a lower price than the competitors. The company has been able to maintain a good relationship with all its reliable customers, but, at the same time it has failed in meeting the needs of other stakeholders in the brand i.e. the employees. The firm has been criticized a lot because of its policies and business practices. The firm is offering very low wages to its employees and with this have a low- benefit employment model across all its branches. Apart from this the firm has also failed in providing a good working ambience by compelling its workers to work overtime in this minimum wage (Sachs Goldsmith, 2016). The cheaper health- insurance plans introduced by the firm were also questioned by the critics as the firm by these plans was trying to avoid the deteriorating health conditions of the employees. Even the firm has also been criticized for punishing the union activ ities which were organized to fight for the rights of the employees. Another instance revealed that the firm was not able to provide adequate safety to its workers who worked in the factories. The workers suffered inhuman conditions because of the Machines, Toxic Glues, Dust and Chemical Solvents. This has raised several questions over the Health-Safety and Maintenance Policy of the brand. The company has also faced a great criticism over violations of certain ethical laws and regulations prevailing in the society. For instance, a critical report was released by the department Labors Settlement Agreement that accused Walmart over Child-Labor Violations (Fairness, 2016). The report revealed that over 200 children, below the age of 11 years, were involved in sewing clothes for the firm. These children were found to be beaten, forced to work for 12- 14 hours a day, often seven days a week and for wages as low as 6.5 cents an hour. In the year 2003, it was also unveiled that the Walmart s Cleaning Contractors are hiring illegal immigrants in order to arrange cheap workforces from other developing countries. Although Walmart was not successful in creating a sustainable relationship with its employees and the society members, yet, towards the environment, the firm has been able to fulfill its responsibilities. The firms factories have major of its energy sources as renewable ones (Everblue Training LLC, 2011). According to Walmart, renewable resources give the most affordable and cleaner form of energy. The company also aims to achieve Zero waste across the global operations (Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., 2016). In the US, more than 81% of the materials obtained from companys stores are being diverted from Landfills. In addition to this, the companys outlets are also banning Plastic bags and promoting bio- degradable one time use bags to avoid accumulation of land wastes. In Japan, the company started an initiative to use non-tray packaging for meats and sea foods and also introduced a corn- based bio- plastic wrap for nearly half of its packaged products. Hence, in terms of Sustainable practices, Walmart has to work over its strategies related to employees and societies because human resource is a major asset for any leading firm and if a brand fails to create a good image in front of these resources then it ultimately fails to expand its customer bases in the coming future (Pendola, 2014). Ethical Issues of the firm and their adressal As Walmart is a leading giant with strong position in almost all the markets across the globe, hence, its executives are supposed to high sense of values and conduct honesty and fair practices with all the shareholders. Although, the brand has succeeded in providing products at a lower price than the competitors, yet, it has been accused for a number of unethical issues (CNBC News, 2016). At present the company is considered as the worlds largest employer with over 2.1 billion employees and simultaneously they have their fare share of opportunities to indulge in activities like fraud, bribery, ill-treatment of the employees, Gender and Sexual Discrimination, Child Labor Violations, etc. The company is known to underpay the overtime workers. Above all this, the employees were not even given a proper ambience to work neither so they have a possession to the minimum wages set by the country. According to a statistics, an average Walmart worker makes between $12,000 and $17,000 which is not enough for leading life in a developed nation (Stavros, 2014). The company has adopted this strategy because it wants to cut on its operational costs to keep the prices of its products low as compare to the competitors. To cope up with this and retain the employees for a longer duration, the company has smartly introduced an Insurance cover for health issues. This strategy also acted as a compensation for the negligence of the health and security of the employees at the workplace. Walmart is also known for manipulating other countries where the company seeks foreign markets, with their market power and even control the environmental laws and other legal obligations of the country. To get away with this, the firm sells its products at a very low price, hence, it is highly acknowledged by the customers of the foreign as wells as domestic markets. This is the only defense f the firm and somehow succeeds in justifying all its sins. So, particularly the firm isnt doing anything out o f their way to combat these issues (Banjo Trottman, 2014). The marketing policies and strategies are strong enough to maintain the firms popularity in the markets. According to a report of the New York Times, the company was also found to be involved in suspicious payments to Mexican officials in 2012. This bribery amount accounted up to $24 million and the officials were paid to sneak into things that were prohibited by the countrys laws. This is only a single case; the firm is found guilty in a number of unethical cases every year, but its power and position never lets it to face any hindrance in its business activities. The firm is failing in recognizing the potential problems and they are probably going to pay for this negligence (Mascarenhas, 2013). Companys Corporate Social Responsibilities Carroll (1991) organized myriads of CSR activities as a four-layered pyramid model and designated it as a pyramid of responsibilities. This model describes these activities as four interrelated aspects of responsibilities. In Global Responsibility Report 2013, Walmart declared that it has a responsibility to lead and opportunity to make a difference on the giant issues prevailing all over the world. Walmart is among those countries that have started a number of initiatives towards implementing CSR activities in all the operations it performs, whether it is towards the stakeholders of the company or towards the economy and environment of a country. While exhibiting its roles in this field, the firm majorly focuses on four key regions, which includes: Social Responsibility, Local Responsibility, Environmental Responsibility and Responsibility towards its own Company (Gunther, 2011). In the direction of its first field, Walmart has been consistently working for the empowerment of Women across the globe and for this the firm foundations are providing education, training and career opportunities to around 1 million women worldwide. Apart from this, Walmart has given a number of citizens as access to healthy food and helped in relieving hunger problems. For this, the company has till now given over $1 billion in charitable contributions at the global level. At the Local level, the company is known to introduce the facilities of micro- loans and promoting local farming. For instance, the brand is committed to purchase additional $50 billion UD- produced goods in the coming decade. Walmart is counted among the best employers of the world and has succeeded in providing jobs to millions of talents across the globe and to add more to this, the company at present plans to hire more than 100,000 US veterans over the next five years (University Alliance, 2013). Walmarts commitment to diversity enables the company to better serve its customers and to provide a positive ambien ce to its workers to deliver their best. The dual impact of both Women empowerment and diversity promotion is seen in another fact for the company that at Walmart, Women account for almost 30% its corporate offices and this number is double the average for Fortune 500 companies. The responsibilities of any leading firm are not restricted only towards the society and to its stakeholders. In order to achieve and retain sustainability in all the operational areas, a firm needs to show its responsibilities towards the environment and its elements too. Walmart has turned its garbage into a useful asset by diverting around 80% of the wastes away from the landfills. The firm is also reducing energy use and plastic shopping bag use. At present, to reduce its contribution in the environmental pollution levels, Walmart has made its energy sources to be derived from renewable sources like Coal and Natural gas (Ukessays Team, 2015). The company is also investing in solar energy and hydrogen cel l powered vehicles. Although the company is seen being engaged in numerous CSR activities, yet, Walmarts unethical activities show that they are unable to implement the elements of CSR in a well manner. To avoid the ill consequences of this, the firm needs to abide by laws, behave ethically and even comply with international customs. Just focusing on productivity and profitability will not allow the firm to attain its aim of sustainability in all possible operations (Hooper, 2010). Stakeholders for the firm Freeman (1984) defines Stakeholder as a group as an individual who can affect or is highly influenced by the organizations activities, policies and objectives. Mitchell, Agle and Wood collaboratively have given The Stakeholder Salience Theory which unveils the three main categories of Stakeholders attributes as: Power, Legitimacy and Urgency. The Power attribute says that Stakeholders posses all sorts of powers that can influence the working methodologies and outcomes for a company (Kirilova, 2014). The Legitimate element says that all the Stakeholders have a legal relationship with the company and Urgency elements impart the Stakeholders with a capability of urgent claim on the company. Walmarts stakeholders can be grouped based on their shared interests. Stakeholders for this or any other firm could be divided as internal (managers and employees) and external (Investors, customers and suppliers). The managers and employees form a strong internal backup for the firm. The manager rec ruits the best possible talent for the firm and motivates them to deliver the best of their abilities. In managerial decisions of the company, the employees are the prime considerations (Meyer, 2016). The major assets for any company are its human resources and employees form a major proportion of this resource. The major interests of employees are job security, continuity in the job and higher wages. The job security offered by the firm guarantees the recruited talents that they will be the part of the company till they want to deliver their services. As Walmart has always been criticized for providing low wages to its employees, hence higher wages become another crucial interest of these Stakeholders. Investors are the most prioritized stakeholders of the company as they are only interested in the profits and thus want Walmart to make more and more profit with time. The interest of the investors is to lower the operational costs of the firm as low costs of a firm leads to higher p rofits for the investors. The primary objective of Walmart is to generate profits and thus the company minimizes the wages in order to lower their operational costs. The position of the customers is second to the Investors among the Stakeholders. These are not an individual, but a whole Stakeholder group that is meant to be attracted towards the offers and lower prices of the products set by the company (Hayden, et al., 2002). However, these stakeholders remain attached to the company only when the low prices of the products are accompanied by acceptable qualities of the same. The least prioritized stakeholders for the Walmart are the Suppliers. These are those people who want to sell their products at the Walmart stores and make a profit by the same. Hence the ultimate profit is earned by the suppliers and not by the company itself. The suppliers provide the goods that would be displayed in the stores and they want Walmart to sell their products at a higher price. But as the bargai ning power of the suppliers is not too strong in the case of Walmart, hence, the suppliers actually do not get what they want. The firm has effectively addressed the needs of the customers and investors, but, Walmart partly satisfies its employees as they are not getting the wages according to their work. Thus, it has to improve its strategies to satisfy all the stakeholders (Jeena, 2012). Recommendations for an Ethical Future When Sam Walton founded the Walmart, he established the Three Basic Beliefs to which the firm remained committed but only for a short period. These beliefs were, Respect for the individual, Service to the Customers and Strive for Excellence. Walmart is able to adhere to the last two beliefs, but has not been able to respect the major stakeholders of its company, i.e. its employees. Conducting ethical business practices and motivating the employees to do the same brings a number of benefits for a firm (Walton Scott, 2005). On the other hand, unethical business has the capability to hurt the stakeholders and tarnish the firms reputation in the current as well as in the potential markets. Without ethical grounds the companies often shift towards committing some illegal offenses where bending and breaking laws lead to lawsuits and indictments. Even the public acceptance of such companies becomes impossible as in todays transparent era, unethical behavior is intolerable. For Walmart, the investors are the most prioritized stakeholders for maximizing the companys profit; however, if the firm continues with its unethical practices then the investors will definitely avoid the future relationships (Seattle Pacific University, 2009). The recent market declines have partly resulted from concerns about unethical accounting practices. The leading researchers in the marketing world have suggested that people tend to deliver their best in an open, creative, ethical environment. But Walmart has failed to provide this kind of ambience to its employees and even they are not being paid according to their efforts. Hence, with this poor reputation among the job seekers, Walmart is facing a great difficulty in attracting and retaining the top talents across the globe. Ethical and sustainable practices are also a matter of personal pride. The companys leaders feel proud of their accomplishments knowing that they didnt compromise over their responsibilities while working for the firm . The recommendations for Walmart in such cases are quite candid as it needs to work upon the policies for its employees. The firm has to show that it cares for its employees and they are a crucial asset for the company. Moreover, the wages issues could only be resolved if the firm offers them with perks and benefits at regular intervals (HaloScan Team, 2004). This will make them feel more motivated and they will perform to their best. To attract and retain more and more suppliers, Walmart could build trustworthy relationships with them and for the customers the maintenance of quality would be enough. Ethics and CSR activities are the only two crucial solutions for the company in order to strive in the competitive business world while maintaining a sustainable relationship with all the major and minor stakeholders of the company (Paswan, 2012). Conclusion Walmart should implement some credible changes in its strategies and operations. No company across the globe is immune to ethical issues. However, only those firms succeed that identifies these problems at the initial level and develop strategies to combat them. Walmart is not able to address the needs of its major stakeholders and thus is unable to provide a sustainable working environment to its employees at the workplace. The firm has although working a lot to attract and retain the customers and the investors and thus they both form the most prioritized stakeholders of the firm. But at the same time, the firm needs to show that they care about ethics by treating employees in a justified manner. This will for sure improve the reputation of the firm in the markets and people will have no reasons for complaint and criticize the company. Above all this, Walmart needs to work on its CSR activities to deliver eco- friendly services in the environment and abide by the legitimate standar ds set by the country. References Banjo, S. Trottman, M., 2014. Wal-Mart Accused of Violating Workers' Rights. Wal-Mart Accused of Violating Workers' Rights, 15 January. CNBC News, 2016. WALMART unethical business practices. WALMART unethical business practices. Everblue Training LLC, 2011. Walmart's Business Practices for a Sustainable Workforce. Walmart's Business Practices for a Sustainable Workforce, 01 March. Fairness, W., 2016. The good, the bad and the Walmart. The good, the bad and the Walmart. Gunther, M., 2011. Walmart's CSR Report Shows the Power, and Limits, of Efficiency. Walmart's CSR Report Shows the Power, and Limits, of Efficiency, 25 April. HaloScan Team, 2004. How Does a Business Behave Ethically?. How Does a Business Behave Ethically?, 26 February. Hayden, P., Lee, S., McMahon, K. Pereira, M., 2002. Wal-Mart: Staying on Top of the Fortune 500: A Case Study on Wal-Mart Stores Inc.,Available at: https://mike-pereira.com/subpage/docs/Wal-Mart-CaseStudy.pdf Hooper, M., 2010. A Critical Analysis of Wal-Marts 2010 Corporate Social Responsibility Report: Academia. Jeena, 2012. The Wal-Mart Effect: is it really worth the price?. The Wal-Mart Effect: is it really worth the price?, 09 April. Kirilova, L., 2014. Stakeholder Salience Theory by Mitchell, Agle and Wood. Stakeholder Salience Theory by Mitchell, Agle and Wood, 29 August. Mascarenhas, H., 2013. 4 Huge Reasons Walmart's Still a Horrendous Company to Work For. 4 Huge Reasons Walmart's Still a Horrendous Company to Work For, 30 August. Meyer, P., 2016. Walmarts Stakeholders: Analysis Recommendations. Walmarts Stakeholders: Analysis Recommendations, 29 April. Paswan, R., 2012. Role of Ethics in Modern Business: An Important Key Aspect of the Concern, Available at: https://www.internationalseminar.org/XIII_AIS/TS%201%20(A)/17.%20Mr.%20Ranjit%20Kumar%20Paswan.pdf Pendola, R., 2014. Mistreated Walmart Employees Speak Out Against Company. Mistreated Walmart Employees Speak Out Against Company , 18 March. Sachs, B. Goldsmith, J., 2016. Children Found Sewing Clothing For Wal-Mart, Hanes Other U.S. European Companies. Children Found Sewing Clothing For Wal-Mart, Hanes Other U.S. European Companies. Seattle Pacific University, 2009. Nine Good Reasons to Run a Business in an Ethical Manner. Nine Good Reasons to Run a Business in an Ethical Manner, 01 October. Stavros, K., 2014. Unethical Acts in Wal-Mart Corporation. Unethical Acts in Wal-Mart Corporation, 19 November. Ukessays Team, 2015. Study On Csr And Ethics At Wal Mart Management. Study On Csr And Ethics At Wal Mart Management , 23 March. University Alliance, 2013. Walmart Reports on Global Responsibility Efforts. Walmart Reports on Global Responsibility Efforts, 29 July. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., 2016. Powering the future of retail. [Online] Available at: https://corporate.walmart.com/global-responsibility/sustainability/ Walton, R. Scott, L., 2005. Statement of Ethics, Available at: https://media.corporate-ir.net/media_files/IROL/11/112761/corpgov/Ethics%20_Current.pdf.

Christian Counseling for Children

Introduction A child may simply be described as a person who has not attained the age of majority; however, the age limit for one to become a major differs depending on the location. In most cases, minors fall under the age of eighteen in most countries, thus children are generally humans in this age bracket.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Christian Counseling for Children specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Children normally go through different issues in their life, thus it is important to take them through counseling in order to allow them lead an easy life as they head to the age of the majority. The issues children go through may be either severe or simple, but none should be neglected. They should be taken through counseling regularly to enable them be open whenever they have problems and to avoid instances of buildup of negative conditions to a position that may be hard to reverse. Christian counsel ing for children strives to facilitate the building of a healthy and loving family for children by basing their teachings on the bible and being deeply rooted to the Christian principles. This is because the family is the foundation of the society and every person in the family may be going through different and difficult challenges. Children may suffer in a family as result of trouble in marriage, death of a parent, relocation of the family or many other issues requiring the attention of a counselor. The primary counselor to any child is the parent. Therefore, the parent should first be equipped with Christian values in order to be able to deliver to the child. They should first be role models to the children and they should counsel them regularly. Apart from the parent, the church and the learning institutions play a very important role in taking the children through Christian counseling. These institutions should have professional Christian counselors who can understand the child ren easily and facilitate a free and open environment where children can share their entire problem without fear. Nevertheless, the parent and the institutional counselors should stay close to the children in order to take the required action in case a child is going through an acute problem. Raising children in a Christian manner When Christian parents are raising their children, it is very important to base their endeavors in the word of God. The best example of a role model in the bible to children is Jesus Christ. In Luke 2:52, we are told that, he â€Å"grew in wisdom and stature, in favor with God and man† (Bible gateway, 2010). It is the duty of every parent to ensure that he introduces his children in church early enough in order to be taken through Christian teaching because this is the only place the child can imitate the lifestyle of Jesus Christ. Jesus parents, Mary and Joseph were God-fearing people and they took Jesus to the house of God early enough and this is where he learnt to live a Godly life. Though Jesus was the son of God, his lifestyle was quite a good example to the children and the parents who are after Christian parenting.Advertising Looking for research paper on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The bible says in the book of proverbs that parents should not keep the whip down or should not stop disciplining their children until they are responsible over their lives. This is a good direction for the parents, showing that it is Godly to correct children when they do wrong. However, staying with the whip does not mean that children should be beaten over each and every mistake they make, rather, it means that the parents should not watch over their children doing wrong without cautioning them. Parents should watch over their children keenly, love them, and ensure that they do the right thing at the right time. Furthermore, it is only important for the pare nts to do their part while allowing God to do the rest through prayers. This is possible through showing children the importance of Christian teachings right from church, home and even in the society in general (Bible gateway, 2010). Children grow in stages and parents should understand each stage and the kind of counseling required as at that stage. For instance, the way a parent should handle kids below the age of twelve should be different from that of teenagers as well as for the young adults in their early twenties. Nevertheless, each stage needs attention and counseling because it is associated with its own challenges. Right from the beginning when the child is young, a Christian parent should facilitate creativity instead of passive consumption. The parents should allow children to come up with something out of some materials provided, instead of providing readymade items. For instance, giving them space to create their own items by offering them items such as paint and paper , empty crates, mud, nails, lumber etc instead of buying them fancy playhouses in the departmental stores. Still, it is important to introduce the issue of the real world to the children right from the beginning in order for them to understand what is happening around the world. This is because it has been noted that the reason as to why many young adults are unable to change the world is that they know nothing about the world (Sinclair Stewart, 1992, pg 12). Children do not remain young forever, but a time comes when they are teenagers, when they can see the reality of life. Parents should cultivate openness with their children right from childhood so that when they enter in to the teenage stage, it can be easy to reason together with them and help them to understand why things have to be the way they are. The teenage stage is associated with a lot of peer pressure whereby they start comparing their families with those of their friends and may question most of the things they used to adopt easily in the past. At this stage, it becomes very challenging for the teens to balance between their subcultures and that of the church.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Christian Counseling for Children specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In this case, the parent should ensure that there is sufficient communication with the teens to make them understand what it means to be a Christian in the world, and to prevent them from peer influence (Sinclair Stewart, 1992, pg 17). How to keep a close relationship with the children Naturally, parents have a passionate love for their children, which is important and every kid deserves to have parental love. However, parents should be careful on how they express love to their children to ensure that they give them unlimited love while ensuring that they do not overprotect, overindulge, or over control the kids because this is unhealthy (Clinton Sibcy, 2006) . In the book of Romans, the bible says that there is no condemnation to those who are in Christ Jesus, as they are saved from the sufferings emanating from the sins they committed, more given that every person is a sinner and it is only through repentance that such sins are forgiven. This verse helps the parent to understand that everyone is prone to mistakes and they can be guilty at one point or the other of how they handle their children by wondering whether they are doing it the right way or not. As the parents relate with their kids, it is important to ask God for guidance by telling him where they need help and relying upon His mercies and grace. They should also pray for your children to lead a Godly life and to change in case they are leading a life that is not worthy. In addition, they should reflect on issues in their life that may be making them express love to their kids in unhealthy way and allow God to shape the lives of their kids (Clinton Sibcy, 2006). Parents shou ld avoid overprotecting their children; however, they should allow them to be accountable and responsible over the consequences of their decisions. Often, kids should be left to take care of the tasks they can do, and help with house chores regularly. In addition, parents should not lie about anything to their kids but should encourage them to learn through real-life challenges, solving problems arising from their own issues and learning from disappointments. Parents should give their children enough freedom while constantly praying for them and asking God for wisdom. Moreover, children should be taught that there is joy from the grace of God, and they should be encouraged to learn the spiritual lessons of the situations they may be going through (Clinton Sibcy, 2006). Parents should neither give-in easily to what their kids want, nor should they bribe them to cooperate with them; they should always teach them the value of hard work and teach them to obtain their wants on their own . Kids should know that its good to have wants but a person must not acquire everything he wants. In addition, parents should keenly supervise their kids while maintaining healthy boundaries and ensure that they only praise them when they have worked for it.Advertising Looking for research paper on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This will motivate the kids to word hard and will avoid overindulging them. When making decisions, parents should not only consider what their kids want, but also their own feelings in order to know what and when to compromise. The children should be taught that gifts are privileges but not entitlements, thus they should appreciate whenever they receive as gift (Clinton Sibcy, 2006). Most parents are used to acting so formally to their children by constantly lecturing, critiquing, or pushing them. Handling children this way, prevents them from expressing themselves fully to the parents and it may be hard for the parent to know when his children are going through difficulties or stress. Parents should regularly spend ample time with their children playing and enjoying life while giving them opportunities to explore their own interests in order to merge the distance that may be between them. Furthermore, parents should ask God to nurture their relationship with their children, which will lead to effective and free communication. They should always assure the kids that their love for them is unconditional and should not withhold their love for them when they do wrong. As parents give their children unlimited love, it is always important to put in place boundaries between them and the child. Boundaries direct the guardian to understand the right time to accept or reject the actions or words of a child in order to hold the child to take control of his/her life as he/she grows up. This is because children are born without boundaries and if a parent fails to teach them, then they develop the attitude of looking at what parents do for them as their rights or entitlements rather than privileges. However, boundaries should not limit the love of a parent to children but only help to teach the child have good character. This ensures that the child is motivated to live a long righteous life before God and people (Cloud, Townsend Guest, 1998). Why children need counseling Children go through different challenges in life, which require them to be guided through in order to make the right decisions in life. Some people think that childhood is an easy and carefree lifestyle, but children do go through challenges and may have stress at one point or the other in their life. For instance, during times such as divorce, relocation, death in a family, among others, the child goes through times of confusion that require the attention of a counselor. In this case, Christian counseling plays the most vital role in helping children overcome such issues while basing the idea from the word of God. When a child goes through major changes, he/she needs time to adjust with the support of the parents and the family in general. Such changes may include parents divorce, death in a family, among other things. The changes may at times be too sudden or severe, thus putting the child in a position that requires the attention of a qualified psychotherapist to try and sort ou t the problem. In some cases, some children may find it difficult to share their problems with their parents, relatives or friends because they want to keep the issue as a secret or they may be embarrassed of the situation. In other cases, children may display their problems or stress by acting in manners that cause problems like being violent, being too quiet or withdrawing. In such situations, it is important to involve professional counselors, as they are able to create ample environment that enables the child to share freely without fear (Karuppaswarmy Fall, 2010). There are several reasons that trigger the need for professional counseling for children, some of which are discussed below. The parents or the guardians should keep watch over their children by staying close to them in order to be able to differentiate between the times the child is behaving normally and when he/she is behaving abnormally. This is possible by showing the child love while maintaining the required bou ndaries without overprotecting, overindulging, or over controlling. Some of the signs that may require the attention of a professional counselor may include the following. A kid may display long periods of sadness, whereby attempts to distract the sadness or to make him/her happy do not yield results. In most cases, children do not talk about being sad but they may be acting in a way suggesting that they are sad. For instance, the kid may be crying over small and big issues for long periods without being able to stop. This is a sign that there is something that is wrong with the child that needs to be sorted out (Karuppaswarmy Fall, 2010). When the child is not able to move from a past event, it may be a sign that the child requires a little more attention. When a negative scenario takes place and affects the life of a child, it is understandable if the child talks about it for a while immediately it takes place. However, if the child persists on remembering past events, then the g uardian should take the required measures to help the child go through that without so much effect in his/her life. For instance, the child may keep on talking about issue that took place along time ago e.g. Separation of the parent, death of a loved one like a parent or a sibling, a better lifestyle they had in the past, a place they relocated from among others. The child should be provided with an opportunity to avoid thinking about the past occurrences or events and always think about the present situation or future prospects. If such scenarios persist, it is important to take the child through professional Christian counseling to ensure that he/she faces the reality and forgets about the past (Karuppaswarmy Fall, 2010). Withdrawn behavior is another sign that a child is going through a stressing moment, which he/she may not be able to express verbally. This is evident when the child does not show interest in playing with other children or getting involved in taking part in acti vities that involve many people. The children may seem not to enjoy anything they may be doing, they do not laugh, joke or relax, while in some cases, they seem to stay alone all the time and rarely talk to the other children or the adults (Karuppaswarmy Fall, 2010). If a child was used to saying goodbye to the parents every time before they parted and then changes suddenly, there may be a problem that needs urgent attention. This is evident when a child suddenly changes and starts finding it difficult to saying goodbye, parting with the parent or he/she want to be with the parent all the time. The child may refuse to go to school, and if he/she is in a boarding school; he/she may demand to be taken to a day school or may have problems with the parents going for work. And if they have to part, the child keeps asking about the parent many times as the day goes-by or before they meet again. In addition, if they are staying far apart, the child may fake reasons of going to see the par ent. In other cases, the child may have problems concentrating in class or in any other activity, he/she may be undertaking. The child seems to forget easily or to get distracted from the jobs assigned to them. Their class performance may deteriorate drastically; they may be unable to complete class work and may not be able to follow instructions well. There are times when the child may break from the routine behavior and seem to demonstrate some uncommon practices; for example a child may go back to his/her younger behavior like soiling him/herself, whereas he/she has been toilet trained, sucking the thumb finger, or wanting to be carried whereas they can walk. At times, it gets difficult to predict what and when a child may do something. A child may start oversleeping or may have problems in sleep coupled with nightmares. She may also have problems with eating or start overfeeding. When children change their normal routine, then it is evident that there may be something wrong happ ening in their lives that is far beyond their ability to manage. Conclusion Children are gifts from God and may at times be a challenge to their parents. In Corinthians 12:21, the bible encourages the parents to live with them as they are, as they help them through life through counseling. Raising children in Christian manner is equally not easy in the secular world today. However, the bible says in the book of proverbs 22:6 that ‘Train up a child in the way he should go: and when he is old, he will not depart from it’ (Bible gateway, 2010). A Christian parent has the ability to ensure that children are not overwhelmed by the pleasures of the world but have grown in faith. This is only possible through God, without ever ceasing to read the word of God and being a good example to them (Csahm, 2010). References Bible Gateway. (2010). New International Version. Web. Clinton, T. Sibcy, G. (2006). Loving Your Child Too Much: How to Keep a Close Relationship with Your Child without Overindulging, Overprotecting, or over controlling. Integrity publishers. Web. Cloud, H., Townsend, J. Guest, L. (1998). Boundaries with kids: When to Say Yes, When to Say No to Help Your Children Gain Control of Their Lives. CA: Zondervan. Csahm. (2010). Challenges of Raising Christian Children. Web. Karuppaswarmy, N. Fall, J. (2010). Does the Child Need Counseling? Web. Sinclair, D. Stewart, Y. (1992). Christian parenting: raising children in the real world. Ontario: Westminster. This research paper on Christian Counseling for Children was written and submitted by user Callen Dale to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Black Boy essays

Black Boy essays Black Boy, Richard Wright's autobiography, covers his childhood and early adulthood. It opens with four-year-old Richard's rebellion against authority. At the time, Richard was restless and resentful of his mother's demand of silence. Richard accidentally burned down his grandparents' house in his attempt to find something to occupy his time. After his mother determined that he was unharmed, she beat him so badly he lost consciousness. When Richard and his brother were very young, Nathan Wright, their father, abandoned the family, plunging them into poverty. Richard's constant hunger made him extremely bitter toward his absent father. Over the next few years, Ella, Richard's mother, would try very hard to feed, clothe, and shelter her children. Her long hours of work often meant leaving her children with little supervision. When Richard was six years old, he began begging drinks in a nearby saloon where the customers plied him with nickels if he would repeat various curse words and offensive phrases. When beatings did little in breaking her sons growing obsession with alcohol, Ella got the babysitting services of an older black woman in the neighborhood. Ella moved in with her sister, Maggie, and Maggie's husband, Silas Hoskins. Hoskins was the owner of a successful saloon, so there was always more than enough food to eat. Nevertheless, Richard was unable to lose the fear that his hunger would return anew, so he hoarded food all over the house. Unfortunately, the newfound stability did not last . The local whites were jealous of Hoskins's profitable business, so they murdered him and threatened to kill the rest of his family. Maggie and Ella fled with the two boys to live in another town. Maggie and Ella's combined wages proved adequate to feed and clothe Richard and his brother, but Maggie became involved with "Professor" Matthews, a wanted man. Ella and the children fled to the North after Matthews killed a white woman; Ella...

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Flow of a Free Air Jet Laboratory Exercise

Flow of a Free Air Jet Laboratory Exercise An investigation into the structure of a free air jet and how its velocity is distributed during interaction with its surroundings Summary Air jets have provided the basis for jet propulsion mechanisms, commonly used to provide movement in jet engines, spacecraft and even particular marine animals. In aviation, it is important to measure an aircrafts velocity, altitude and Mach number in order to monitor performance and determine areas of improvement. In this experiment, a pitot-static tube system was set up along the axis of a free air jet, and the local velocity of the air jet was calculated and recorded using measurements from an inclined manometer as the pitot-tube was displaced in both the horizontal and vertical planes. The experimental and theoretical results highlighted the same trends, confirming the expectation that as decreased (due to increased displacement), local velocity, , also decreased. A divergence angle of 10.1ÂÂ ° was calculated, and the volume flow rate varied between 0.0149 m3s-1 and 0.049 m3s-1. Introduction An air jet is a nozzle or tube from which a directed pressurised jet of air is emitted. (1) These have provided the basis for jet propulsion producing a thrust in the opposite direction of the jet as demonstrated through Newtons third law. Airs jets are commonly used to provide movement in jet engines and spacecraft, and even certain marine animals have evolved to rely on jet propulsion mechanisms. (2) There are two main types of jet; impinging and free. While an impinging jet is directed towards a surface, this experiment is concerned with the interactions of a free, submerged air jet, where the jet is discharged into an ambient fluid of similar physical properties. (3) A pitot tube is a pressure measurement instrument used to measure fluid flow velocity. (4) This is done by converting the kinetic energy of the flow into potential energy (5). Pitot-static systems, consisting of a pitot tube, a static port and the necessary measuring instruments (6), are often used in aviation to determine an aircrafts velocity, altitude and Mach number, as well as having nautical applications in the calculation of boat and vessel speeds. (7) Theory 3.1 Velocity A pitot static tube measures two separate pressures: the stagnation pressure,, and the static pressure, (8) Bernoullis equation states that the total stagnation pressure is equal to the sum of the static pressure and the dynamic pressure, . The dynamic pressure is proportional to the density of the concerned medium, , and the square of the local velocity, v, such that: (equation 1) If the pressure difference between the stagnation pressure and static pressure is applied to alter the water level of a manometer, equilibrium is achieved when: (equation 2) Therefore, by combining equation 1 and equation 2, and assuming = 1.225 kgm-3 and = 1000 kgm-3, the local velocity in ms-1 can then be calculated through the relationship: (equation 3) 3.2 Flow Rate The volume flow rate leaving the nozzle of a circular air jet, can be considered equal to exit velocity, , multiplied by nozzle surface area, A. (9) This relationship is represented through the equation: (equation 4) Beyond the nozzle exit, the velocity cannot be considered constant at all vertical points in the jet; therefore, it is necessary to integrate to find the volume flow rate. The expanded profile of the air jet can be considered circular, consisting of a series of annuli areas containing an air flow rate equal to for each respective measured value of velocity and calculated area. This is represented visually in figure 1 below. Recalling the area of an annulus as, where is the radius along the mid-point of the annulus, and considering the asymmetrical profile of the final jet requires separate measurements in each hemisphere, the total volume flow rate can be calculated through: (equation 5) Here, is the local velocity at the required radius and is the area of half an annulus, where is the radius at which the velocity was measured. Method Apparatus Nozzle of diameter 30mm, to create the uniform circular jet of air to be measured. Pitot-static tube system, consisting of a pitot-tube, static tube and axial scales,to collect the air from the nozzle and carry it to the manometer. Manometer, inclined at an angle, ÃŽÂ ¸, which holds the liquid and allows for its movement depending on the pressure apparent from the pitot-static tube system. A zero, to locate the starting point at which measurements of the fluid distance along the manometer will be taken from. A ruler, to manually measure the distance travelled by the liquid along the manometer, . Procedure The zero was adjusted along the manometer to indicate the point at which further measurements with the ruler would be taken from and the pitot-static tube was moved along the apparatus to the origin, at the centre of the nozzle, where the coordinates corresponded to (0, 0). The air jet was turned on and, after allowing sufficient time to warm up, the distance the liquid had moved along the manometer, was measured, using the ruler, and recorded. The tube was then moved along the centreline across a series of predetermined distances away from the air jet (see Appendix A) up to 500mm the point (500,0) and was again measured and recorded at each interval. The pitot-static tube was then returned to sit 60mm away from the air jet and lowered to a vertical height of -28mm from the origin where was again measured and recorded. Maintaining an axial distance of 60mm, the pitot-static tube was then raised in increments of 4mm up to a maximum height of 28mm and the distance, , measured for each step. This experiment was then repeated at axial distances of 180mm and 300mm, through ranges of -50mm to 50mm and -60mm to 60mm respectively, using increments of 5mm in both. Results 5.1 Velocity Profiles The recorded distances,, for the three vertical experiments, were then converted into vertical distances, h; in this experiment, ÃŽÂ ¸ = 13ÂÂ °. The velocities at each height were then calculated using equation 3 and graphs of velocity against height for all three axial distances were drawn as shown in figures 3a, 3b and 3c below. 5.2 Plan View The divergence angle can be calculated by forming a triangle between the edge of the jet and a line perpendicular to the nozzle boundary; see figure 4. For this experiment: 5.3 Centreline Velocity Distribution The recorded distances, , for the centreline experiment were converted into vertical distances, h, using ÃŽÂ ¸ = 13ÂÂ °. The axial distance, x, was then divided by the nozzle diameter, D = 30mm, and a graph of velocity against was plotted, as seen below in figure 5. 5.4 Volume Flow Rate Assuming is constant at the edge of the nozzle, the exit volume flow rate can be calculated through equation 4: m3s-1 Beyond the nozzle exit, values for, the annulus width, and , the outer radius, were required to calculate volume flow rate. The values for were 4mm at an axial distance of 60mm, and 5mm at axial distances of 180mm and 300mm, and values for corresponded to the radial distances; these can be found in Appendices B, C and D. Using equation 5, the volume flow rates were found at x = 2D, x = 6D and x = 10D respectively, and the results displayed through table 1. Axial Distance (mm) Volume Flow Rate (m3s-1) 60 0.01925 180 0.034475 300 0.048705 A graph of volume flow rate against axial distance was then plotted for comparison; see figure 6 below. 6.1 Structure of the Air Jet An air jet is comprised of three important regions: the core, the mixing region and the edge or boundary. Within the core, the velocity does not vary significantly from the nozzle exit speed. From the measurements in this experiment, this region exists up to around 180mm along the centreline (see figure 5). Outside of the core, illustrated in figure 4, the mixing region is encountered. Throughout this region, the local velocity,, is less than the exit velocity, , due to the reaction of the air jet with the ambient fluid. The edge or boundary of the jet represents the radial distance at which the local velocity is equal to zero at each centreline distance. The edge of the jet increases linearly at a rate dependent on the divergence angle, measured to be 10.1ÂÂ ° in this experiment. This is similar to the universal value for the divergence of a jet of 11.8ÂÂ °, which is independent of nozzle diameter, discharge speed or the medium involved. (10) 6.2 Diameter of the Air Jet From the plan view illustrated in figure 4, it can clearly be seen that the air jet spreads out as axial distance increases. This occurs as a consequence of the significant velocity difference between the jet and the ambient fluid, which creates a highly unstable shear layer at the edge of the jet. This shear layer is subject to large variance in local velocities, generating strong turbulent fluctuations which subsequently entrain the ambient fluid into the path of the jet, increasing the mixing of the two fluids. As a consequence of both the turbulent fluctuations and the entrainment of the ambient fluid, the shear layer continues to be pushed outwards as the jet flows downstream. (11) 6.3 Centreline Volume Distribution Figure 5, above, clearly illustrates that up to a value of = 6, the velocity along the centreline varies very little, with a range of 0.833 ms-1. This region is known as the core, where. The only source of momentum when the jet exits the nozzle is from the jet itself, as the surrounding fluid is at rest. The absence of external forces acting on the jet suggests that the centreline velocity will remain constant as distance increases. (11) Beyond an axial distance of 180mm, the velocity follows an inversely proportional relationship with distance, decreasing at a rate of (where k is an unknown constant). This occurs when the core of the jet interacts with entrained ambient fluid caused by significant velocity fluctuations at the edge of the jet, decreasing the velocity of the fluid as discussed in section 5.2. Due to the interaction between two different fluid flows, the region in which this occurs is referred to as the mixing region. 6.4 Volume Flow Rate Figure 6 suggests that volume flow rate increases linearly with axial distance, rising from 0.015m3s-1 at the nozzle exit to 0.049m3s-1 at an axial distance of 300mm. From section 4.4, it is known that the volume flow rate is a function of the jet area and local velocities across the diameter. Due to conservation of momentum, it is expected that as the area increases, the velocity decreases such that the volume flow rate remains constant across all axial distances. However, the increase in volumetric flow is a result of entrainment of the stationary surrounding fluid. The turbulent flow caused by the velocity fluctuations in the shear layers contributes to an increased local velocity across the diameter of the jet, increasing volume flow rate. 6.5 Experimental Errors and Uncertainties Although this experiment has successfully demonstrated the characteristics of a free air jet as highlighted in this discussion section, numerous errors and uncertainties were still encountered throughout the experiment which could have had a potentially significant effect on the results obtained. One of the most common sources of uncertainty was the use of a ruler to measure the distance of the fluid along the manometer. This combined human error, due to the estimation of both the zero position and the final position of the fluid meniscus with systematic error, as a consequence of the ruler measuring with an uncertainty of ÂÂ ±1mm and therefore, accurate measurements for were not obtained. Similarly, the location of the necessary axial and radial positions for the pitot-tube were subject to a similar human error. The fluid in the manometer also contained several air bubbles prior to the experiment; this is a systematic error as it would subsequently affect every manometer dista nce reading. Therefore, it is possible that the results obtained for could consistently higher than expected due to the presence of these air bubbles in the fluid. The final significant error involved in this experiment was the random error associated with the changing position of the static tube. For a set axial and radial positioning of the pitot-static tube, changing the height and geometry of the static tube caused the manometer reading to alter slightly as well. Although efforts were made to maintain the location of this tube, there is still the possibility it could have caused sporadic errors in the results. To conclude, the experiment outlined in this report was successful in demonstrating the interactions of a free air jet with an ambient fluid and, subsequently, the effects of the displacement of the pitot-tube on the local velocity along the centreline and throughout the mixing region. The decreasing local velocity as displacement increased was found to be a result of turbulent fluctuations causing entrainment of ambient fluid into the path of the jet. In the experiment, the maximum velocity was found to be around 20ms-1 for a distance of 180mm along the centreline of the jet and the divergence angle was calculated to be 10.1ÂÂ °. These results were useful in introducing the basic structure of an air jet, which comprises of three main regions: the core, the mixing region, and the edge. The slight discrepancy between the measured divergence angle and the universal angle of 11.8ÂÂ ° (9) can be considered due to the inaccuracy in measuring the position of the fluid meniscus in the manometer using a ruler, producing potentially unreliable results. The findings from this experiment are statistically insignificant due to the nature of the apparatus used and the various possible sources of error, both systematic, due to air bubbles present in the manometer fluid, and human, arising from the use of a ruler for distance measurements. However, the experiment was useful in demonstrating the interactions of an air jet with its surroundings, as well as introducing the concept of internal structures within a free air jet. [1] Oxford Dictionaries, Air Jet, [Online]. Available: https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/air_jet. [Accessed 24 March 2017]. [2] LearningInfo, Which Animals use Jet Propulsion, [Online]. Available: http://www.learninginfo.org/sandbox/which-animals-use-jet-propulsion.htm. [Accessed 25 March 2017]. [3] W. Grassi, Impinging Jets, 2 February 2011. [Online]. Available: http://www.thermopedia.com/content/872/ . [Accessed 24 March 2017]. [4] Wikipedia, Pitot Tube, [Online]. Available: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitot_tube. [Accessed 25 March 2017]. [5] Efunda, Pitot Tubes Theory, [Online]. Available: http://www.efunda.com/designstandards/sensors/pitot_tubes/pitot_tubes_theory.cfm. [Accessed 26 March 2017]. [6] P. Willits, Guided Flight Discovery Private Pilot, Jeppesen Sanderson, 2004. [7] S. Houston, Pitot Static System, 13 October 2016. [Online]. Available: https://www.thebalance.com/aircraft-systems-pitot-static-system-282605. [Accessed 26 March 2017]. [8] I. Gursal, Flow of a Free Air Jet, University of Bath, Bath, 2017. [9] Khan Academy, What is Volume Flow Rate, [Online]. Available: https://www.khanacademy.org/science/physics/fluids/fluid-dynamics/a/what-is-volume-flow-rate. [Accessed 27 March 2017]. [10] Dartmouth College, Turbulent Jets, [Online]. Available: https://thayer.dartmouth.edu/~d30345d/books/EFM/chap9.pdf. [Accessed 24 March 2017]. [11] Anon, Jet, [Online]. Available: https://www.eng.fsu.edu/~shih/succeed/jet/jet.htm. [Accessed 29 March 2017].

James Prescott Joule :: biographies biography bio

James Prescott Joule was born December 24, in 1818. James Joule was born into the wealthy brewing family of Benjamin and Alice Joule. In 1847 James Joule married Amelia Grimes, a daughter of the Liverpool Comptroller of Customs. James Joule and Amelia had three children: Benjamin Arthur (born 1849), Alice Amelia (born 1852) and a son who died in 1854 along with his wife during child birth. In 1843 James Joule read his paper to the British Association, entitled "On the Calorific Effects of Magneto-Electricity and on the Mechanical Value of Heat." This paper described the physical constant that showed that heat was a form of energy. This constant is known as "J", or "Joule's Equivalent." The unit of heat, work and internal energy are measured in joules (J). James Prescott Joule died October 11 in 1889. James Joule is buried in Westminster Abbey along with other famous people. Those Who Inspired John Dalton James Joule was tutored as a young boy by John Dalton: John Dalton was a well known Chemist and Physicist. John Dalton was born September 6 in 1766 and died July 27 in 1844. John Dalton is most recognized for his findings, which later is known as "the atomic theory". The atomic theory is the theory of the nature of matter. It states that: "all matter is composed of atoms." Lord Kelvin James Joule worked with Lord Kelvin on experiments, which later became know as the Joule-Thomson Effect: Lord Kelvin was a well known Mathematical Physicist. The well known "Lord Kelvin" born as William Thomson, June 26 in 1824 and later died December 17 in 1907. William Thomson later became the 1st Baron Kelvin, he was known as "Lord Kelvin." Lord Kelvin is most recognized for his work in thermodynamics and Kelvin temperature scale. Rudolf Julius Emanuel Clausius James Joule was inspired by the work of Rudolf Julius Emanuel Clausius: Rudolf Julius Emanuel Clausius was a Physicist and a Mathematician. Rudolf Julius Emanuel Clausius was born January 2 in 1822, and died August 24 in 1888. Rudolf Julius Emanuel Clausius is most recognized for his work in thermodynamics. Rudolf Julius Emanuel Clausius introduced the concept of entropy. The Experiments (Known Today as Research) Paddle Wheel Experiment James Joule's Paddle Wheel Experiment determined the existence of a relation between heat and mechanical work. He established this by a method involving the churning water in a calorimeter by means of paddles driven by various falling weights. Through this experiment James Joule established what we call today the First Law of Thermodynamics.

Basic Computer Memory Types Essay

Random Access Memory (RAM) RAM is a location within the computer system which is responsible for stacking away data on a temporary basis, so that it can be promptly accessed by the processor. The information stored in RAM is typically loaded from the computer’s hard disk, and includes data related to the operating system and certain applications. When the system is switched off, RAM loses all the stored information. The data remains stored and can be retained only when the system is running. When the RAM gets full, the computer system is more likely to operate at a slow peed. The data can be retrieved in any random order. Generally, there are two types of RAM; namely Static RAM (SRAM) and Dynamic RAM (DRAM). When many programs are running on the computer simultaneously, the virtual memory allows the computer to search in RAM for memory portions which havent been utilized lately and copy them onto the hard drive. This action frees up RAM space and enables the system to load different programs. Read Only Memory (ROM) This type of memory is active, regardless of whether the system is turned on or is switched off. It is a kind of permanent non-volatile storage memory. As the name ‘read only’ suggests, the contents in it cannot be changed or modified. It is an integrated circuit which is pre-programmed with important data that should necessarily be present for the computer to carry out its normal functionalities. Cache Cache is a kind of RAM which a computer system can access more responsively than it can in regular RAM. The central processing unit looks up in the cache memory before searching in the central memory storage area to determine the information it requires. This rules out the need for the system to search for information in larger and bigger memory storage areas, which in turn leads to a faster extraction of data. Computer Hard Drive These devices are important data storage components that are installed in the CPL]. Their memory ranges widely, and a user may choose the memory depending on the data needed to be stored and accessed. Nowadays, hard drives having a memory capacity of 120 gigabytes to 500 gigabytes are normally used. Flash Memory This is a non-volatile kind of memory which is intended to contribute to portable torage and a convenient transfer of data from one computer to another. The data in it can be erased and re-programmed as per the user’s requirements. It only has a specific number of erase and write cycles that it can withstand, after which it creates a tendency to lose out on the stored information. Memory cards and USB flash drives These are Just the common and main computer memory types which facilitate memory and data storage. However, there are many subtypes which are sorted out according to the memory-related functionalities they perform and the requirements they serve.

WhatisADD essays

WhatisADD essays What exactly is ADD? This is a question that has remained unanswered for a very long time. ADD, also known as attention deficit disorder, has to do with the brain. This disorder was at one time thought to be related to brain damage. Nowadays however, it is actually quite common. It is reported that about 40 percent of the student body of an average school is ADD. Scientists think that this is at least one student per classroom in a ADD has really been recognized over the past twenty years. This is when most of the research about it has been done. When someone has been diagnosed as having ADD it does not mean that they are lazy, stupid, or crazy. It only means that they have a difficult time trying to pay attention to a subject in which they have little or no interest. This is why ADD is usually first noticed in school. Before much research was done, ADD was not even called ADD. It had a different name. It was called Hyperknetics. This was really just a fancy term for saying that a child is easily distracted, and also very hyper. This was back in the days when doctors also thought that Hyperknesis was caused by some sort of brain damage. This was potentially true however; there were a few rare cases in which some brain damage actually occurred in a child. The brain damage only happened naturally, like when the child was being developed. ADD is something that an individual person is born with, and not something that is developed over time. Many Doctors and specialists have discovered over time that there is more than type of ADD. Doctors now recognize three distinct types of ADD, normal ADD, ADHD, and residual ADD. The second, ADHD is normal ADD coupled with a hyperactive tendency. The third type, residual ADD is the type of ADD that most commonly affects older children and adults. Hyperactivity is not usually associated with residual ADD. When it ...

Testing Cell Respiration and Alcoholic Fermentation essays

Testing Cell Respiration and Alcoholic Fermentation essays There will be a measurement of heat generation produced by seedlings during cell respiration. Using a thermometer, the heat of seedlings in a thermos bottle will be calculated over a period of at least 25 minutes in 5-minute increments. Using indicator TTC you will also be able to distinguish viable seeds. Along with studies of cell respiration through temperature readings there will also be investigation of alcoholic fermentation in yeast. A respirometer will be constructed for the ability of recording the effects of yeast concentration on the rate of fermentation. By doing this, the CO2 evolved can be measured over a 20 minute time period. There will be four different tubes filled with four different yeast concentrations for the comparison of rates. The energy yielding metabolism function in which oxygen is used is known as cell respiration. The chemical expression for cell respiration is: C6H12O6 + 6O2 yields to 6CO2 + 6H2O + Chemical Energy. Aerobic cell respiration is the metabolic pathway that requires oxygen. An example of this is glucose metabolism, which can be divided into three parts. The first part is glycolysis, which is the breakdown of glucose and substrate level phosphorylation and the formation of energy products. During glycolysis, glucose enters the pathway and gets phosphorylated by ATP twice. Once it is phosphorylated the glucose splits into tow 3-carbon fuels that are later oxidized by enzymes and phosphorylated. During the substrate-level phosphorylation 4 ATP are produced. However the end products of glycolysis are 2 ATP, 2 NADH, and 2 molecules of pyruvate. The second part of glucose metabolism is the citric acid cycle. This is the complete oxidation of glycolytic products to CO2 and H2O. The products that are produced are protons and electrons. With each turn of the cycle there is use of oxaloacetate. The oxaloacetate joins with acetyl-CoA and when water enters the coenzyme A is released which forms ...

Okonkwo as a tragic hero Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Okonkwo as a tragic hero - Research Paper Example Although Livingstone and Stanley's explorations contributed very little to deepen the Western understanding of the people or the land, they did encourage plenty of speculation and conjecture. It was these made-up ideas that became the foundation of several of the misunderstandings the West has held about Africa since then. Because of the one-sided discussion, Africa emerged as a land of possibility for Western enrichment through the unfettered exploitation of its resources. The West thinks of African people as mostly child-like, capable only of primitive understandings, and only slightly more than bestial in their natural environment. It took several years before native writers, such as Chinua Achebe were able to align Africa’s story with the West in the presentation of Okonkwo as a tragic hero in his story Things Fall Apart (1959). The tragic hero is a frequent character in numerous plays and dramas of the ancient Greeks into the modern day. The character type was present eve n before Aristotle's time, but it was Aristotle who codified the major elements that must be present for a character to be considered a tragic hero although these rules have changed some in the millennia since they were first described. In Aristotle's time, the tragic hero status could only be applied to characters with real potential for tremendous greatness. This meant people who were destined to be kings and princes or others who had some kind of noble claim. According to Zarro, â€Å"the tragic effect will be stronger if the hero is ‘better than we are’, in that he is of higher than ordinary moral worth. Such a man is shown as suffering a change in fortune from happiness to misery because of a mistaken act, to which he is led by his hamartia (his ‘effort of judgment’) or, as it is often literally translated, his tragic flaw.† In spite of this nobility, the tragic hero is destined to fail as a result of some tragic flaw inherent in their nature. T his tragic flaw is often associated in some way with their greatest strength and is therefore an aspect of their character that the individual becomes inordinately proud to exercise (Aristotle). As society has progressed, though, and new structures emerged in which wealthy businessmen took the place of kings and princes, the focus of the tragic hero has been less concerned with his noble status than it is with his progression through a three-fold process. According to Vest, heroism today, even tragic heroism, refers more to the actions of the character who embodies many of our ideals regarding what is good and noble in human nature than it is concerned with the birth or earned social status of the character himself. Although Okonkwo is not born a tribal chief, he earns his status as a tribal elder and this modern change in tragic hero definitions allows even the West to recognize his status. Before proving Okonkwo's actions qualify him as a tragic hero, it is necessary to understand what constitutes the progression of a tragic hero. The process of the tragic hero begins when the character commits some act in the excess of their pride that inevitably leads to their downfall (Aristotle). This is the first stage of the tragic cycle. The second stage

Interpersonal Communication Class - Final Paper Essay

Interpersonal Communication Class - Final Paper - Essay Example Culture plays a fundamental role in management and leadership especially in multicultural organizations. Two different approaches have been advanced in exploring the contribution of culture within a working environment. The convergence school of thought asserts that national or institutional culture has no significant influence on the leadership and management practices. The scientists in support of this school of thought argue that management has the same ‘best policies and practice’ that is applicable independent of the institutional and cultural context. The divergence school of thought, on the other hand asserts that best management policies and practices are culturally bounded, hence influenced by cultural and contextual factors. Although globalization has resulted to standardization of best management policies and practices, divergence theory on power distance cannot be overlooked; as confirms organizational literatures and psychology articles. Adler and Bartholemew (1994, p.429) concluded that culture was important management aspect that has the ability to cause a significant difference in the human resource management and organizational behavior. Therefore, it was inevitable to consider cultural aspect in managing human cultural diversity. The differences in the national management practices and the outcomes are indicators of the fact that cultural differences have a substantial influence on the management and leadership. It is on this account of cultural influence on management and leadership practice that this study examines cross-cultural differences with respect to international relationship that exist within the working environment between senior managers and the workforce of the organization. In par ticular, the role of power distance on employee’s participation and horizontal communications are emphasized in many cross-cultural

Organisational Structural Issues Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Organisational Structural Issues - Case Study Example The new management versus the old organizational structure always comes in clash with each other. The Regency Hotel Case is an example that depicts the issues arising in an organization after it has been acquired by a different group of investors. The Regency Hotel is shown to be a successful entity in the hotel business along with its eastern culture and a bureaucratic structure. The employees of the organization are satisfied and adhere to the management’s set standards and practices. Becker, the new manager, however, has different and more westernized thoughts of empowerment and risk taking. The major structural issue faced by the Regency Hotel is the transition from pure bureaucracy to complete empowerment. The old employees believe in supervision where as the new manager believes more in delegation and team cohesion. â€Å"Team cohesion is an extent to which team members band together and remain committed to achieving team goals.† (Lussier and Achua, 2010) Differen t organizational behavioral model can be used to explain the structural issues in the case at hand. â€Å"Management researcher Douglas McGregor proposed possible assumptions that managers make about workers.† (Bagad 2008) His theory X and Y are well evident in the management perceptions of Becker and the previous managers of the Regency Grand hotel. Becker was a proponent of participative management style also of known as McGregor’s Theory Y while the old management believed in the authoritative style of management known as the Theory X. Becker’s behavior can also be explained through McClelland’s Achievement Theory of Motivation also known as the acquired needs theory. McClelland believed that a person’s needs are a resultant of life experiences and cultural background. He explains three categories of needs as need for achievement, need for affiliation and the need for power. In our case, Becker agreed with the acquired needs theory and believed that people have needs to achieve goals and are motivated to perform in a more productive manner if these needs are catered for in an organization. Also, the need for being affiliated made Becker keep rapport with the front line staff, He empowered them so they control their environment and their need for power is fulfilled. Another theory that helps us understand the case in a better manner is the Vroom Theory. â€Å"One of the greatest attractions of the Vroom Theory is that it recognizes the importance of various individual needs and motivation.† (Koontz and Weihrich, 2007) The Vroom theory advocates management by objective, the concept that Becker wanted to introduce in the Hotel work environment. The all the above mentioned theories and their application to the case suggests that Becker was more team oriented and believed in the fact that motivation and risk taking leads to greater employee satisfaction and better results for the organization. He wanted to introduce the element of self efficacy in the newly acquired hotel. â€Å"Self efficacy refers to ones belief in one’s capability to perform a specific task.† (Gist, 1987) The case showed that Becker was going by the theories when it came to the organizational structure as he believed in the modern principles and the new paradigms of organizational behavior. The new shift in the field of organizational behavior advocates a flexible organization that continuously learns and adapt. As Daft and Lewin (1993) explained in their essay â€Å"the trend appears to be moving away from the paradigm within which

Animal Farm by George Orwell Essay Example for Free

Animal Farm by George Orwell Essay Napoleon is the main character from the book Animal Farm written by George Orwell. He is a demanding, overpowering pig who always gets what he wants. In the book Napoleon is a common pig that gets rid of the pig that shares power with him, Snowball and takes over the leader ship of the farm which he later turns into a dictatorship. The difference between Napoleon and Snowball is what makes the book powerful and refers to what real people get manipulated easily. Napoleon is based on the real life person Joseph Stalin, who ruled the Soviet Union for 30 years. The name Napoleon comes from the French general Napoleon Bonaparte, who was power crazy and a dictator. In the book Napoleon is a bad pig from the beginning. He fights along with his fellow pig, Snowball to free the farm from humans but later on starts making some suspicious decisions such as drinking the milk that the animals have worked for and taking the puppies of Jessie and Bluebell for himself. Napoleon takes over by sending his dogs after Snowball, who runs away, do to fear. Slowly but surely we see him take one step at a time towards the crown of being the only leader. For example he changes the seven Commandments rules against killing, drinking, and sleeping in bed. All the animals are forced to work just as hard as before the rebellion and they don’t even get enough food. Napoleon makes the other animals fear him by killing the animals that have made wrong decisions and starving some of them because they don’t do as he says. Soon enough everyone does as he wishes and behaves after his will. Napoleon praises himself for all the things that he has done for the animals which in the end is nothing.