Identity in James Baldwin’s Stranger in the Village and Zora Neale Hurs

Identity in James Baldwin’s â€Å"Stranger in the Village† and Zora Neale Hurston’s â€Å"How it Feels to be Colored Me† Everyone has a story, a past experience that has built them up to be the person that they are today. In both James Baldwin’s â€Å"Stranger in the Village† and Zora Neale Hurston’s â€Å"How it Feels to be Colored Me† the presence of conflicting views in their stories holds a large impact on how they later develop as individuals. While Baldwin’s piece demonstrates the ignorance from society which is projected onto him from Swiss villagers, it shares both similarities and differences to the attitudes demonstrated in Hurston’s piece influenced by her surroundings. Being that it is difficult to escape the past and the events that have brought strength through triumph, it is important to focus one’s attention on the present and into the future. Although the past determines who an individual is, the future determines who an individual will become. James Baldwin holds the ability to push through negative affiliations in order to reach self establishment. As demonstrated in â€Å"Stranger in the Village,† Baldwin is simply just a black man who â€Å"was motivated by the need to establish an identity† (196). Through his desire of recognition as a human being rather than as an object, Baldwin is willing to look past the ignorance of the Swiss villagers and focus on defining himself. Greeted by the children’s calls of â€Å"Neger! Neger!,† Baldwin unintentionally finds himself reminiscing (191). Although the children’s label is not meant in a derogatory fashion, it causes Baldwin to surrender to the racial indifference of his past. Baldwin attempts to disregard his unpleasant reflection and justify the fact that change has been made. ... ...experiences and refocus his or her energy toward the future, however, through the works of both James Baldwin and Zora Neale Hurston, it is shown to be possible. Through their experiences they worked to develop their identities, and through the present they looked toward the future in order to reach establishment. It is true that everyone has a story; however, it is up to each individual to take that story and make it his or her own by creating an identity for him or herself. Works Cited Baldwin, James. â€Å"Stranger in the Village.† The Norton Reader. Ed. Linda H. Peterson and John C. Brereton. 11th ed. New York: Norton, 2004. 360-68. Hurston, Zora N. ""How It Feels to Be Colored Me." Grammar and Composition - Homepage of About Grammar and Composition. Web. 08 Dec. 2009. .

Margaret Atwood- Moral Disorder

In the course of the many interrelated short stories written in Moral Disorder we tend to find out many thing about the main characters. In some ways the reader develops a sort of one on one relationship with each character, and learns more and more about them in each story. Specifically, one of the main characters who tends to stand out in the storyline as a person with a sort of mysterious personality is Tig. Tigs mysterious personality is brought to life mainly in the story â€Å"Monopoly†. When we first see Tig in the beginning of â€Å"monopoly†, he and Nell just purchased an old farm house where they plan on living. As time progresses throughout the storyline, we learn about Tigs children and how they plan on visiting the new farm house. With this point it brings up thoughts about Tigs old marriage to Oona. We now find out that the reason why Tig and Oona divorced was not because of Oona, but the two of them as a hole. It gives insite to their failed marriage with the fact that OOna would give her total life’s attention at her writing, and leave Tig to take care of the children and the house completely alone. Even though to the public eye Tig and Oona’s relationship could only be described as perfect, it is obvious that deep down being married to Oona was bringing him down. They were often seen together in magazines and in photo’s smiling as if they had not a care in the world, but according to Tig this was the furthest thing from the truth. The two of them together tried to show the sense of love and stability to the public that they both yearned for. They often appeared in magazines cooking and laughing together, but once the camera’s stopped rolling things turned back how they usually where. Oona would be off trying to finish her book, and Tig would be left with taking care of the children and the household chores all while working at a radio station. As time progressed after the divorce Tig and Nell decided to rent an old farm house. We now find out about another mysterious part of Tig’s life, his kids. Once Tig and Nell moved into their farm house, Tig’s children came to visit every weekend. So, every weekend Nell would have to pack up all her belongings and leave their house before Tig’s children arrived. Tig tried very hard in order to make his children know that the reason why he and their mother divorced was not because of Nell, and that he and Oona still were on speaking terms. This shed insight into Tig role as a father. Even though Tig usually doesn’t like to speak about his past marriage with Oona, he makes sure that his children are not affected by the divorce. Every weekend that they would visit, he would try and create a fun loving environment at the farm house in order for his children to be happy. Before this we never saw Tig as much of a family man. Instances such as Tig’s children visiting shed light on a new personality that we never knew about Tig. After Tigs children leave, and Nell returns home things start to go back to normal. Nell and Tig seem to be extremely happy living together, which serves as a complete opposite to his relationship with Oona. Nell speaks about the Sunday nights they spend together once Tig’s children leave, and the time they spend trying to get up the big hill in front of the property during the winter months. Although the some of the things they did together were simple, it was obvious that it meant something to Nell. Tig and Oona would sit together during the ride home in silence most of the time, but the silence they shared definitely meant something. During these times it became clear that the reason that Nell and Tig were together was because of Oona. Shortly after Oona finished her book, she and Tig invited Nell over for a dinner party at her house. The dinner party turned out a success, and Nell ended up staying later than all the other guests to play a game of monopoly with Tig’s children. The night was full of laughs and the conversation at the dinner table seemed as if it were to never end. Nell later saw that that dinner party was not a typical dinner party, but more of an interview session that would later wide up with her being in a relationship with Tig. After awhile life for Nell and Tig started to grow into a sort of routine were Nell would stay at the farm house during the week, then suddenly disappear and hide all traces of her existence. But one weekend this was all about to change. Tig’s mysterious personality came into play again when he told Nell that he wanted her to stay at the farm house the upcoming weekend when his children came to visit. This came as a complete shock to Nell because she never expected Tig to bring the situation up with her because he was always so quiet and to himself about the situation. Nevertheless Nell at first was extremely against this idea thinking that she would â€Å"be crossing the line†. But Tig assured her that it would be best for the children to see her in her natural environment and her home. Tig covertly spoke to his children and to Oona about the situation and they all agreed that it would be a good idea for Nell to stay a weekend with the children when they came to visit.

Identifying the science involved in nuclear fusion Essay

Both windings of the transformer is what the current is induced from to heat up the plasma. Although this type of Ohmic heating technique can heat plasmas into temperatures of around 20-30 million Kelvin, it is not quite effective because the amount of heat generated depends on the resistance between the plasma and the current (the Joule Effect which states that the amount of electrical energy produced is dependent upon the resistance of the substance through which electricity is passing). The reason for the ineffectiveness of Ohmic heating from the Joule effect principle is because at temperatures of over 1 million degrees centigrade, the electrical conductivity of the plasma is very high which means that there is very low resistance. In needing higher temperatures for larger fusion reactions to occur, other methods of plasma heating are introduced to enhance the Ohmic heating technique (in order to reach higher temperatures for bigger scaled fusion reactions to occur). Neutral Beam Heating: This is an enhancing plasma heating technique of ohmic heating whereby accelerated neutral beams of deuterinium or tritium ions are injected into the already heated plasma. The beams of ions carry large kinetic energies and are neutralized in order for easier access through the magnetic fields confining the plasma. When these beams are injected into the plasma, electrons are lost and the nuclei become ionized due to high temperature particle collisions (making them positively charged ions). â€Å"In the series of subsequent ion-ion, ion-electron and electron-electron collisions, the group velocity of beam ions is transferred into an increased mean velocity of chaotic motion of all plasma particles†. This results in the neutral beam of ions heating up the pre heated plasma and increasing it’s temperature by a maximum of 21MW. http://www. jet. efda. org/pages/focus/006heating/index. html#ohmic Lower Hybrid Current Drive: This additional pre-heating technique is a process whereby micro electromagnetic waves of up to 10MW propel charged particles in a plasma at 3. 7GHz of cycles per second to produce currents of up to 3MA which increases plasma temperature. http://www. jet. efda. org/pages/focus/006heating/4c. jpg Radiofrequency Heating: This type of plasma heating technique is also known as Ion Cyclotron Resonant Heating (in a more scientifical understanding). It is a process whereby the antennae in the vacuum vessel of the tokamak â€Å"propagate waves in the frequency range of 25-55 MHz into the core of the plasma to increase the energy of the ions† thus increasing the temperature for more fusion reactions to occur. This heating method provides additional energy of up 20MW of power t http://www. jet. efda. org/pages/focus/006heating/index. html#ohmic Magnetic Confinement Of Plasma A magnetic field is defined as a force produced by moving electric charges or currents that exerts a power on other moving charges. Because the incredible temperature of plasma (which is over 100 million i C) inside the tokamak cannot be contained inside the inner vessel walls of the nuclear reactor alone, the use of magnetic fields gives an alternative technique in actually restraining the high temperature plasma particles from touching the walls of the reactor. This is called confinement. The reason why plasma is restrained from touching the walls of the reacting vessel is that it cools down very rapidly and terminates itself at once when contact is made. A plasma is made up of ionized particles. In the absence of magnetic fields, the ionized particles move in straight lines and in random directions. This eventually leads to contact with the inner chamber walls of the reacting vessel and results in the plasma quickly cooling down and terminating itself. But when a constant presence of a magnetic field is introduced, the ionized particles in the plasma flow through these fields in a spiral path on the magnetic lines. The movement of the particles across the magnetic field lines are restricted and this also prevents contact to the walls of the containment vessel. Below is a picture illustrating the movement of charged particles with and without the presence of magnetic fields: . http://www. plasma. inpe. br/LAP_Portal/LAP_Site/Text/Plasma_Confinement. htm On the torus, there two main components of magnetic fields used. The main type of magnetic field used in the plasma confining process is the toroidal field. This is a field whereby 32 large (D-shaped) coils surround the vacuum vessel of the nuclear reactor and when current flows around these coils, a toroidal magnetic field is generated which controls the position of the plasma inside the torus and also modifies the poloidal field (the second magnetic field). The other magnetic field (the poloidal field) is produced by current being flown through the plasma which is initially induced from transformers. The created poloidal field with the combination of the toroidal field confines the plasma well and stabilizes it which allows confinement times of plasma temperatures to be longer. . http://www. fys. uio. no/plasma/plasma/norsk/tokamak. gif Limitations Of The Jet Fusion Tokamak The foremost limitation on the Jet fusion tokamak is the small amount of time the plasma lasts for inside the reactor. This is because of the plasma being continuously cooled down by tiny impurities inside the chamber walls. Also, the efficiency of the fusion reaction inside the nuclear reactor is quite an important aspect of limitations that has a need to be solved. This is because large amounts energy are put in initially just to start the fusion reaction at a plasma state and only half the energy is acquired when fusion is completed. On a typical Jet experiment, 30MW of energy is the power input used and only 16MW of energy is successfully extracted out from the reactor as power output . From an efficiency equation (Pout / Pin), this gives an efficiency of 53. 3% . Another important limitation of fusion reactions inside the tokamak reactor is the instability of the plasma that has a need to be controlled. This is because of excited and charged particles inside the plasma wanting to escape as they are being compressed into higher temperatures. Although this is controlled by the use of magnetic fields, the slightest error in confining these charged particles could result in the plasma escaping and quickly cooling down and thus all the total energy put initially put into the reaction being wasted. Also if the plasma escapes, this results in it touching the inner walls of the tokamak and eroding or damaging the components surrounding the plasma and by therefore reducing the lifetime of these components. Although these problems or limitations cause less energy efficiencies inside the tokamak, modern day advances of computer aided technology is gradually providing remedies in sorting these limitations out. Future Developments. From my knowledge of future developments in nuclear reactors, experimental studies which is currently being carried on the JET experiment is believed to provide some detailed background information in acquiring similar basic properties in the building process of ITER.. Currently, The JET experiment holds the world record for released fusion power at 16 million Watts (16MW). This is â€Å"a value comparable to the power needed for heating one thousand households in a cold winter. † http://www. jet. efda.org/pages/focus/010jetanditer/index. html#overall In future developments, it is predicted that the ITER experiment which is estimated to finish construction at the end of year 2006 in France would release an amazing fusion power of 500 Million Watts. This, by my accurate calculations, is enough to power up to 31,250 homes on a cold winter night. The future properties of ITER when construction is finished is going to be entirely based around a hydrogen plasma torus which would operate at temperatures of above 200 Million i C and also by the use of super conducting coils to generate high temperature plasmas which would yield better energy efficiencies give more energy outputs. In the size of ITER’s components compared to the current JET nuclear reactor, ITER is estimated to be 10 times bigger than JET in size. Bibliography Books Name Of Book Authors Name ISBN Number Name Of Publisher’s Year Of Publishment Understanding Physics For Advanced Level (Second Edition) Jim Breithaupt 0-7487-0510-4 Stanley Thornes Publishers Ltd 1990 Salters Horners Advanced Physics Heinimann 0435 628909Heinimann Educational Publishers 2000. Internet 1) http://www. jet. efda. org/images/gallery/images/82-348cmed. jpg. 2) http://www. plasma. inpe. br/LAP_Portal/LAP_Site/Text/Plasma_Confinement. htm 3) http://www. sbf. admin. ch/htm/international/org/fusion-e. html 4) http://europa. eu. int/comm/research/energy/fu/fu_rt/fu_rt_mc/article_1227_en. htm 5) http://www-fusion-magnetique. cea. fr/gb/fusion/principes/principes01. htm 6) http://www. jet. efda. org/pages/focus/006heating/index. html#ohmic 7) http://www-fusion-magnetique. cea. fr/gb/fusion/principes/principes01. htm.

Personal Statement My Goals and Why Essay

This paper introduces you to my world. It explains my professional goals, including why I am pursuing my Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN). This paper addresses my current role as a registered nurse (RN) at St Mary’s hospital on the Neuro Trauma Intensive Care Unit (NTICU). I will explain how I got where I am today. I will inform you of my understanding of importance of integrity. I will express my importance of how ethics play a role in my life and how Fowler (2010) broadened my understanding of ethics. Lastly, I will cover why professional writing and communication is so important to the profession of nursing. Keywords: Bachelor of Science in Nursing, registered nurse, neuro trauma intensive care unit Personal Statement My Goals and Why I Am Pursuing My BSN My long term goal goes farther than just accruing my BSN. I potentially want to acquire my Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist (CRNA). I need to have achieved my BSN to apply for CRNA School. Regardless, if I planned on furthering my degree, I feel a BSN in needed in my profession as a nurse. A BSN opens doorways to climbing the clinical ladder, more leadership roles, and increasing responsibilities. A nurses’ back is quick to wear out doing constant patient care, having a higher degree will give me more options in my career. I currently work at St. Mary’s hospital on the NTICU. I spend my nights assessing my critically ill patients, carrying out nursing care, communicating with doctors and other nurses, and constantly using my critical thinking skills. New trauma patients I find most interesting. The adrenaline starts flowing and the fight and flight response takes over. Often in these moments I surprise myself. The knowledge horded in the back of my brain and life saving skills take over. This makes for an awarding and self gratifying night. Not all traumas end the way we intend them to. We are often reminded we are not the ones in totally control. I love my job and my current position but eventually I will have to move on. I graduated from St. Mary’s School of Nursing in December 2011. Previously I was enlisted in the United States Army. I served four years as a combat medic. I left for the army right out of high school. This decision was based on the fact I was living on my own and did not have any guidance in my life and knew this decision would set me off in the right direction. Not only did my enlistment open my eyes to the medical field but I also gained my values which I have displayed thru my life. The seven core values I was thought were as follows: loyalty, duty, respect, selfless service, honor, integrity, and personal courage. I would not be where I am today without the army in my life. This experience was the molding of who I am today. My service to the army instilled my beliefs, morals, and ethics. Integrity and ethics play a valuable in my everyday life at home and at work. Integrity to me is to do what is right and expected of me, legally and morally. To understand integrity I had to understand my own beliefs and morals. The code of ethics for nurses is the profession’s public expression of those values, duties, and commitments (Fowler 2010). To uphold integrity and ethics to my work place I have be familiar with hospital policies, code of conduct, and my scope of practice. I have to educate myself on changes, make sure my certifications are up to date, and constantly continue my education. I have learned thru my experience as I strengthen these qualities I acquired more trust from others and have more trust in myself. Professional writing and communication is so important to the profession of nursing because in my profession it is used in many ways, unclear communication leaves room for error and all treatment is carried out by communication. As a nurse I communicate to coworkers, doctors, patients, and family members. I receive orders from doctors written and verbally, it is important I understand exactly what he is ordering. Written medical orders have their own universal formula to leave room for minimal mistakes. Verbal orders should be wrote down and read back to the physician. Along with receiving orders as a nurse I am the physician eyes, ears, and brain when they are not around. I have to be able to pick up on changes, new data, and intervene appropriately. I have to paint a clear and concise picture for the physician so that treatment can be done. I also communicate with the patient and family so that I have a clear understanding of what treatment my patient does or does not want. In my communication with the patient and family a lot of times I have to step out of the medical profession and explain things in different terms, so that they can develop a clear understanding. Communication with my coworkers is in a clear, respectful, and constant manner. I always keep my coworkers involved in patients as well as where I stand on finishing my tasks, so that I may be of help to others. I am beginning my journey to acquire my BSN and tackle my lifelong goals. I hope to by the end of this journey become a CRNA. With my understanding of the importance of integrity and ethics in my profession, and the promise to carry them out I should not have any problems meeting my goal. I have an understanding for the importance of communication as well and will continue to practice it as well. Overall, I want to continue to better myself and my knowledge in all aspects and know that if I apply myself thru this course and other I will gain exactly that. Reference Fowler, M. D. M. (2010). Guide to the code of ethics for nurses. (p. xiii). Siliver Spring, MD: American Nurses Association.

How useful are typologies of welfare states?

Given the complexity and depth of questions faced by undergraduate students of Social Policy, let alone academic researchers, the classification of different welfare states into typologies is only natural. As an aid to academic study, the formulation of typologies represents a logical progression in the field of welfare state research. When Titmuss gave his lecture on ‘Social Administration in a changing society' in 1951, he noted that at the start of the study of Social Policy (or administration) in 1913, most issues discussed were entirely contemporary, designed to prepare those who wanted to work in the charitable of voluntary field. After World War Two, Titmuss and other academics such as Marshall, started laying greater theoretical foundations – examining the welfare state that was growing around them and its motivations. The intensive study of ‘typologies' of welfare states, widely recognised as being prompted by Esping-Anderson's ‘The three worlds of Welfare capitalism' (1990), is a natural progression – an attempt, in search of a fundamental theory or law, to bring together earlier theoretical work on the welfare state and its foundations. The use of typologies is useful because it provides a tool that can be used to simplify complex comparative work, thus making it easier to work on a universal theory of welfare state formation and development. Similarly, typologies can also provide ‘an approximate picture of the range of options available to policy-makers for policy reform' (Bonoli, 1995, 352). However, despite these apparent attributes, the concept of using typologies as a methodological tool has not been entirely uncontested. Those such as Baldwin have disputed that typologies have any explanatory power whatsoever, claiming that they most certainly cannot be useful in the formulation of theories about current and future development of welfare states (Arts & Gelissen, 2002). Most criticism along these lines deals with the apparent impossibility that, given the massively varied complexity of welfare states across the world, no typological theory is capable of summarising these differences except in a deeply misleading way. Esping-Anderson (1990, 2) fully accepts that a ‘trade-off' must be made, which this means that it will be impossible to make ‘detailed treatments' of differences between regimes, but asserts that this is the ‘price to be paid for making grand comparisons'. This seems commonsensical to me. We simplify the levels of detail about economic activity by creating an assumption of ‘homo-economicus' and even though we know this model not to be completely accurate, no-one would deny that the results the model produces are not instructive. Similarly, in creating a model of welfare-state typologies, we look to gain insights into the nature of welfare states, which we can then use in further theoretical work. The ideal types used in typologies are, as Klant (1984, cited in Arts and Gelissen, 2002) notes, a ‘representation of a reality, which cannot (yet) be described using laws'. As long as we recognise that the typologies themselves are not ever claimed to be, even by their proponents, complete explanatory theories, then they can usefully be used to gain insights into the past, present and future of welfare states. Therefore, I will move to look quickly at the different varieties of typological survey that have been conducted, before then spending some time comparing the different sorts of ‘welfare state regimes' that emerge. Different typological classifications of welfare states vary in both the amount, and kind, of variables used for analysis. The most basic attempt to categorise welfare states has been to compare the levels of public expenditure between countries. For example, it is posited that the Scandinavian countries, all spending in excess of 30% of GDP on social expenditure in the period 1989-92, constitute a type of welfare state regime significantly different to the kinds experienced in the United Kingdom or in Italy, countries which both experience much lower levels of social spending. However, such crude classification seems to go against any conception of varied mixed economies of welfare – while two countries may appear identical in terms of their % GDP social spend, they may be completely different on the level of overall welfare provided by the other welfare ‘pillars' – the voluntary and family sector. Similarly, other, more recent models have also tried to classify welfare states using a one-dimensional approach. Ferrera (1993) uses the ‘coverage model', which, rather than looking at the quantity of welfare provided, instead looks at the method of provision – specifically whether welfare states provide services on a universal basis, or on an occupational basis. However, as Bonoli (1995) points out, the problem arises in distinguishing between the generosity of benefits offered by welfare states of the same ‘method' typology – for example, the Netherlands and Switzerland are both included in the Ferrera's same set of welfare states regimes, despite massive differences between the extent of welfare provision between those two states. Esping-Anderson's (1990) approach was two-dimensional in the sense that it considered two factors – the degree of decommodification and social stratification. These variables are explicitly outcome, rather than means, based – decommodification, for example, is defined as ‘the degree to which individuals or families can uphold a socially acceptable standard of living independently of market provision'. Thus, independence is deemed identical, whether achieved through state or voluntary provision. This practical approach implies a value-judgement that it does not matter if states actually provide the welfare or not, that it is just outcomes that matter, which may be controversial to some socialists. However, this must be considered justified as a modelling assumption. Despite praise for the two-dimensional nature of Esping-Anderson's approach, some questions have been raised about whether the correct two variables were chosen. Bonoli (1995), raises concern that what he perceives as being the two fundamental distinctions between different kinds of welfare states – ‘how' and ‘how much' – are merged in both of Esping-Anderson's variables, and that as a result, they are both ‘taken into account only so far as they affect the decommodifying [or stratifying] impact of social policy'. He therefore suggests two different variables – level of social spending and the method (measured in terms of the % of benefits that are contribution-based) of welfare delivery. Similarly, most other criticisms of Esping-Anderson have not disputed the methodological use of typologies, but instead have sought to question the variables used to measure the relative congruence of different welfare states in order to form sets of welfare regimes. While requirements for brevity make it impossible for me to outline all here, a useful summary can be found in the tables of Arts & Gelissen's 2002 article. While the indicators/factors used in typology classification vary widely, the extent of similarity in the output of empirical testing is striking. All models find three or four different typologies, which, rather than being completely distinctive, are similar in terms of characteristics and the country assignments. To start, let us examine Esping-Andersen's typology, which distinguishes between three clusters of welfare regimes, each of which represents a different ‘world of welfare capitalism'. The three ‘ideal-typical' regime types are the liberal, the conservative (or corporatist), and the social-democratic regimes. The main characteristic of the liberal welfare regime is the important role assigned to the market and the strong emphasis placed upon individual responsibility. In general, only if the market fails will the state interfere. Benefits are means-tested and targeted for low-income dependents, who accordingly make the intensive use the welfare state. Financed by taxation, this leads to significant income redistribution. In contrast, the state is generally passive with regards to gender issues – the market determines the position of women, who are neither encouraged nor discouraged by the government to work for pay. In the conservative/corporatist welfare regime less stress is placed on the role of the market. The regime's main goal is to preserve existing status/class differentials, a task which is often left to other non-state actors such as the church, classes and the family. They play a crucial role in society, and the state supports them in this role. Social benefits are more elaborate than in liberal welfare regimes and are usually organized along occupational lines, with negligible amounts of redistribution. With regard to the position of women, the breadwinner model (husband as breadwinner, wife as caregiver) is implied and perpetuated through the design of the welfare system, which thereby systematically discourages women from participating in the labor market. Finally, the social-democratic welfare regime distinguishes itself from the other two models in that much more emphasis is laid on the interventionist role of the state. The idea of equal rights for all citizens is guaranteed by the social democratic state, which delivers extensive, universal welfare services not usually subject to means testing. The welfare regime is designed around active-labour policies – both men and women are expected to participate fully in the labor market, and therefore the government makes arrangements to overcome any gender-obstacles to doing this, for example, by providing extensive free childcare. Leibfried (1992) and Ferrera (1996) initially criticized Esping-Anderson's group of typologies for the omission of what they called a ‘Latin-Rim' model of the welfare state, characterized by strong family-centric properties and an immature and selective social security system that offered poor benefits and lacked a guaranteed minimum benefit system. Esping-Anderson (1999) accepted that more emphasis should be put on the family-effects of welfare regimes, and made a distinction between familalistic regimes on the one extreme (e. g. , Italy), and defamilialising regimes on the other extreme (e. g. , Sweden). A familialistic regime was defined to be where â€Å"public policy assumes that households must carry the principal responsibility for their members' welfare†, as opposed to a de-familialising regime â€Å"which seeks to unburden the household and diminish individuals' welfare dependence on kinship† (1999, 51). Given the late inclusion of a ‘Latin-Rim' model in Esping-Anderson's work, we have four examples of welfare-state regimes that we can compare with other models. Bonoli's (1997) classification, based on the expenditure and method factors as described earlier, produced four ideal-types – Continental, British, Nordic and Southern – to which he assigns countries through the empirical work. These clearly correspond respectively with Esping-Anderson's Conservative, Liberal, Social-Democratic and Latin-Rim typologies. The British regime is characterized by a low level of social expenditure which is mainly financed through general taxation rather than contributions – this fits in with Esping-Anderson's description of the Liberal regime as being limited in scope and mildly redistributive in nature. Similarly, Bonoli's Nordic regime, with low levels of contributions but high levels of overall spending, brings to mind Esping-Anderson's social democratic regime, characterised by universal benefits for all on the basis of citizenship and not contribution. There are minimal differences in state-placement between the two writers' typological systems. The Netherlands and Belgium are perhaps the only significant variation, placed in the ‘continental' typology by Bonoli but in the ‘Social Democratic' by Esping-Anderson. Such disagreements about the placement of the Benelux states are repeated in various other schemes of classification – such as in work by Korpi and Palme (1998, cited in Arts & Glissen, 2002) and by Visser and Hemerijck (1997, cited in Arts & Glissen, 2002). Such variability of outcome on ‘border cases' between typologies returns us to the original debate about the methodological justification and accuracy of such explanatory systems, and thus it seems to be a sensible place to conclude this essay. It would not be right, though Esping-Anderson (1999) has tried, to try and plead the ‘unique' nature of these ‘rogue' states – the initial simplification and assumptions made by any typological system are done so on in full knowledge that detailed individual characteristics, the ‘uniqueness' of each regime will be obscured. Rather than attempting to remove previously imposed assumptions, we must accept the limits of typological classification. Ideal-type classifications are exactly that – ideal, and there will undoubtedly be some states that are ‘hybrid'. The continued existence of such apparent ‘anomalies' gives purpose to further theoretical work – to examine the interactions and movements between the different ‘ideal types' of states, and to identify whether there is any trend that will make the occurrence of such a hybrid regimes more common and explainable in the future.

Emotional Intelligence of Managers and its Affects Article

Emotional Intelligence of Managers and its Affects - Article Example l characteristics important to understanding the psychological and emotional growth necessary for personal growth† (Shipper, Kincaid, Rotondo, & Hoffman IV, 2003, p. 171). A few of the articles have also brought out that managers and academicians are beginning to view the necessary improvements in organizational effectiveness by putting into practice emotional intelligence (George, 2000; Cross & Travaglione, 2003; Sosik & Megerian, 1999; Gabriel & Griffiths, 2002; Eicher, 2003). The articles have brought out the importance and relationship of EI of managers and the motivation of employees. Organizational leaders’ awareness of emotional intelligence is essential to future endeavors of continual motivation and productivity. Leaders have significant influence over the continued success of organizations, yet there is still not enough interest in the significance of recognizing emotions in organizations. The annotated bibliography provides articles, literature reviews as well as quantitative evidence of the importance of Emotional Intelligence. The articles that have been chosen for this paper are a wide variety and major contributors to the subject area. The research that has been conducted shows that the Emotional Intelligence can be consciously developed. Among the research groups, the treatment group has shown statistical significance of overall EI gain across each EI dimension, unlike the control group which seems to have shown no significant pre / post-test differences. The article is very significant in the current world where the EI training has developed to be a popular and lucrative field. However, the evidence on the conscious development of EI has been very vague. The study provides a clear empirical evidence for this topic. The research implications are much focused and discuss the role of Emotional Intelligence training in leadership development programs and fertile research directions for the training.  

Strategic Management report on Prezzo which includes a strategic Essay

Strategic Management report on Prezzo which includes a strategic analysis and strategy formulation - Essay Example In 2011, the company’s chief executive was awarded the restaurateur of the year in the Caterer and Hotel Keeper Awards (Harden 2012). The restaurant has positioned itself as an eatery venue for a contemporary menu with an Italian cuisine touch. Vis a vis, its menu mainly includes pizzas, salads, pasta and grilled dishes. The restaurant expanded its service portfolio in 2013 by introducing Cleaver, additional venues that specifically offered American fare including chicken, ribs and burgers (Restaurant Portal, 2014). Currently, Prezza has a total of 3290 employees with revenue of  £ 179.19 million and an EPS growth rate of 10.07 % (Hardens, 2013). Prezzo is also a member of the sustainable restaurant association (SRA), therefore, highly committed to protecting and conserving the environment. External strategic analysis of Prezzo restaurant was conducted to evaluate the impact of the external environmental factors on the performance and growth of the restaurant in the UK market. Changes and trends of the UK restaurant industry were assessed using the Pestle strategic analysis tool. The government of UK highly regulates the food industry to manage the prevalence of lifestyle and food related chronic disease such as obesity. The government therefore interacts with Prezzo operations through health regulation, such as the policy on GM labelling for products containing genetically modified food, Good and Services tax on food prices and the issuance of licenses (Euro Monitor, 2014). However, Prezzo has managed to forge close relationships with governing authority through a mutual relationship, hence minimum interference with its operations There has been steady growth of the UK’s food industry for the last six years. According to a report by the Guardian (2014), the UK’s restaurant industry was experiencing a resurgence after the 2008 economic recessions. The market has been characterised by a rise in consumer expenditure and a forecast of UK