Privacy on Social Networks Essay -- Security Privacy Web

This essay will discuss and critically analyse whether or not existing data protection laws protect the privacy of individuals whose personal information has been disclosed on social networking sites. Over the last decade social networking sites (SNS) have increased their popularity among the people. These SNS are mySpace, facebook, twitter, bebo etc. There are various reasons of people using these sites. However, majority of SNS users are those people who use these sites for social networking e.g. chatting with friends, sharing their interests etc. These SNS users do not only have data relating to them but also the data of third parties. Many of these users do not take care of other people’s personal information, for example, they share their family and friends information with other strange people. It is not that only SNS users do not take essential care of other’s personal information, SNS themselves seems uninterested to protect personal information of its users. One should know what personal information is according to data protection directive? According to (article 2 (a)) of the data protection Directive, the information that qualifies as personal information is â€Å"Information only qualifies as personal data if it directly or indirectly relates to an identified or identifiable natural person. In order to determine whether a person is identifiable, account should be taken of all the means likely to be reasonably used either by the controller or by any other person to identify the said person (recital 26). As a result, most information that is made available on a social network (messages, photos, personal preferences, lists of friends) qualifies as personal data†. (Eecke, P V., and Truyens, M, 2010) The relationship... ...ivacy [Accessed 23/11/2010]. Michells, S (2008) Teachers’ Virtual Lives Conflict With Classroom [Online] .Available from: http://abcnews.go.com/TheLaw/story?id=4791295&page=1 [Accessed 01/12/2010]. King, J., N and Jessen, W, P () Computer Law & Security Review: Profiling the mobile customer – Privacy concerns whe behavioral advertisers target mobile phones. [Online]. Volume 26, Issue 5, September 2010, Pages 455-478. Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6VB3-5148KHG-2&_user=7302582&_coverDate=09%2F30%2F2010&_rdoc=2&_fmt=high&_orig=browse&_origin=browse&_zone=rslt_list_item&_srch=doc-info%28%23toc%235915%232010%23999739994%232448744%23FLA%23display%23Volume%29&_cdi=5915&_sort=d&_docanchor=&_ct=13&_acct=C000010139&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=7302582&md5=53de92f66e34be4a93c2b10f879597a0&searchtype=a [Accessed 02/12/2010]. Privacy on Social Networks Essay -- Security Privacy Web This essay will discuss and critically analyse whether or not existing data protection laws protect the privacy of individuals whose personal information has been disclosed on social networking sites. Over the last decade social networking sites (SNS) have increased their popularity among the people. These SNS are mySpace, facebook, twitter, bebo etc. There are various reasons of people using these sites. However, majority of SNS users are those people who use these sites for social networking e.g. chatting with friends, sharing their interests etc. These SNS users do not only have data relating to them but also the data of third parties. Many of these users do not take care of other people’s personal information, for example, they share their family and friends information with other strange people. It is not that only SNS users do not take essential care of other’s personal information, SNS themselves seems uninterested to protect personal information of its users. One should know what personal information is according to data protection directive? According to (article 2 (a)) of the data protection Directive, the information that qualifies as personal information is â€Å"Information only qualifies as personal data if it directly or indirectly relates to an identified or identifiable natural person. In order to determine whether a person is identifiable, account should be taken of all the means likely to be reasonably used either by the controller or by any other person to identify the said person (recital 26). As a result, most information that is made available on a social network (messages, photos, personal preferences, lists of friends) qualifies as personal data†. (Eecke, P V., and Truyens, M, 2010) The relationship... ...ivacy [Accessed 23/11/2010]. Michells, S (2008) Teachers’ Virtual Lives Conflict With Classroom [Online] .Available from: http://abcnews.go.com/TheLaw/story?id=4791295&page=1 [Accessed 01/12/2010]. King, J., N and Jessen, W, P () Computer Law & Security Review: Profiling the mobile customer – Privacy concerns whe behavioral advertisers target mobile phones. [Online]. Volume 26, Issue 5, September 2010, Pages 455-478. Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6VB3-5148KHG-2&_user=7302582&_coverDate=09%2F30%2F2010&_rdoc=2&_fmt=high&_orig=browse&_origin=browse&_zone=rslt_list_item&_srch=doc-info%28%23toc%235915%232010%23999739994%232448744%23FLA%23display%23Volume%29&_cdi=5915&_sort=d&_docanchor=&_ct=13&_acct=C000010139&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=7302582&md5=53de92f66e34be4a93c2b10f879597a0&searchtype=a [Accessed 02/12/2010].

Ritalin, Helpful and Harmful Essay -- Drugs Argumentative Persuasive T

Ritalin - Helpful and Harmful When "20/20" and "Oprah" did segments about ADD on television, many parents felt that they finally knew what was "wrong" with their kids. They rushed to the doctor's office to find out how they could "fix" the problem. Most soon discovered a drug called Ritalin. It sounded simple. All they had to do was give their rambunctious or hyperactive child a pill three or four times a day, and magically he or she would be a perfect little angel. Most were so happy to find a cure that they did not stop to contemplate other methods of treatment, possible side effects, or get a second opinion. Dr. Sharon Collins believes this is because, "It takes time for parents and teachers to talk to kids. It takes less time to get a child a pill" (Hancock 52). Parents get stuck in the mind set that Ritalin is a cure all for hyperactive children. Many psychiatrists say that "about half of the children who show up in their offices as ADHD referrals are actually suffering from a variety of other a ilments" (Hancock 52). Some doctors claim that "parents of normal children have actually asked for Ritalin just to improve their child's grades" (Hancock 53). When parents cannot get Ritalin from one doctor, they keep searching until they eventually find one who will prescribe the drug (Hancock 53). It is not hard to find a doctor to prescribe Ritalin, because many "think that by giving a child Ritalin, the likelihood of helping him is high and the downside is low" (Hancock 53). Ritalin has become the most prescribed drug for people with attention deficit disorder (ADD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). An abundance of media coverage brought Ritalin to the attention of parents, educat... ...ing a wide variety of side effects ranging from nausea to severe psychological dependence. The large number of prescriptions being filled has led to an increased circulation of the drug. This, in turn, leads to a greater possibility of misuse of the drug. Office staff and administrators have to come up with safety procedure to insure safe and proper dispension of the drug. Works Cited Bromfield, Richard. "Fad or disorder?" American Health June 1996: 32-33. Chisholm, Patricia. "The ADD dilemma: is Ritalin the best way to treat attention deficit disorder?" Maclean's 11 March 1996: 42-45. Hancock, LynNell. "Mother's little helper." Newsweek 18 March 1996: 51-58. Price, Joyce. "DEA restless about Ritalin: doctors are sounding the alarm about a popular drug used to combat attention disorders in kids." Insight on the News 1 July 1996: 39-40.

Understanding the Patient Intake Process – Essay

Although, there are ways to make it easier for both the patient and the medical billing specialist and that is to use online registration. However, let us discuss the current process first. Although, the actual process may vary from practice to practice, the main objective behind the process is to obtain Information from new and established patients while he/she Is checking In at the practitioner's office, the hospital, or health clinic. Patient flow can be maintained if the medical practice implements an effective intake process.The intake process is just as important in serving satisfied customers as how he/she are treated during the process, time waiting in the waiting room to be taken back to the exam room, and time spent with the physician. If any of the processes are caking in organization, there will be unsatisfied customers, or patients, which, in turn, leads to less customers, or patients, that the physician administers treatment to. The process begins before the patient eve r steps foot inside the practitioners office.As soon as the patient calls the office to make an appointment the intake process begins because when a patient calls to make an appointment, the individual in charge of scheduling usually gathers the person's full name, telephone number, address, date of birth, gender, reason for the appointment, the name of the health Lana (If the patient has knob and the name of the referring physician (If the patient Is referred) (Valueless, Bases, Newbie, & Gaggers, Chapter 3-Patient Encounters and Billing Information, 2008).Then the office employee schedules the patient for the appropriate amount of time according to the reason for the visit. When the patient comes into the office the day of the appointment, if he/she is a new patient, he/she must come in early to fill out paperwork.One way that this can be made easier for patients, as well as medical staff, is for the medical practice to have online registration available to the patients. Online re gistration is a tool used by medical facilities to allow patients to register his/her billing and medical information before coming into the office for the first time. Because the patients are responsible for filling out the registration, there are fewer errors and less work for he staff member responsible for putting the information into the computer program. Furthermore, the patients look at it as a convenience (Sporran Solutions, 2011). Patients view this as a convenience because it enables him/her to fill out their information on his/her own time- at any time day or night.So, instead of having to fill out the information when he/she arrives at the office, he/she can fill it out beforehand and have less time spent in the waiting room (Sporran Solutions, 2011). Online registration also enables medical staff to receive and chart information more accurately and efficiently. So how does it work? When the patient calls to make his/ her first appointment the staff member that he/she is talking to tells him/her that they are able to register online before their first appointment (Sporran Solutions, 2011). The patient fills out the information and once it is completed the staff member can put it into the system, print it, and prepare the patient chart before the visit; physician reviews medical history more quickly (Sporran Solutions, 2011).

Osmosis Essay Essays

Osmosis Essay Essays Osmosis Essay Paper Osmosis Essay Paper Osmosis is a form of passive transport, and a specialised form of diffusion. It is the movement of water from a dilute solution to a more concentrated one, through a semipermeable membrane. Hence it is where water moves from a high to a low concentration. I will design an experiment to test this process on a typical example of osmosis effect on plant cells, taking as the sample, potato. It is through osmosis and the fluctuating levels of water in the cell that the concentrations of minerals in the plant are regulated. Expt. 1 Last year, I conducted two experiments in which dialysis tubing was used to simulate the semipermeable membrane. In the first experiment a knot was tied in one end of a length of soaked dialysis tubing and a pipette was used to half fill it with a strong glucose solution. The air bubbles were expelled and a knot was tied in the other end. At this point the tubing was flaccid (limp). When it was then placed in a test-tube full of distilled water, it became turgid (firm). [See diag.1] Expt. 2 In the second experiment red-dyed sugar solution was placed in a bell-shaped piece of apparatus, with a capillary tube off it and a cellulose film over the bottom [See diag.2]. This was then placed in a beaker full of distilled water and left for half an hour, by which time the level of water in the beaker had gone down, and red dye had moved up the capillary tube. The water in the beaker had not turned red. The experiment was then repeated with a stronger solution. The volume of water in the beaker decreased further; the dye went further up the capillary tube. These two experiments clearly demonstrated that, while small water molecules pass through a semipermeable membrane, larger molecules (such as glucose) do not. This is why the water in the beaker did not turn red, while the red dye in the capillary tube did become paler. The second experiment also showed that the more concentrated the solution, the more water diffused in by osmosis. Expt. 3 More recently, I conducted an experiment investigating these processes in a real plant cell. An onion was cut up, and two small pieces of the epidermis (a single layer of cells) were peeled, cut and placed onto microscope slide. Onto one of them was pipetted a few drops of distilled water; onto the other was pipetted a few drops of 1 molar glucose solution. Cover slips were then placed onto the two pieces of onion epidermis. [see diag.3a]. These were then placed under the microscope, and their cells looked identical [see diag.3b]. Fifteen minutes later, however, a marked change had been observed. While the onion cells bathed in distilled water had become turgid [see diag.3c], those bathed in glucose had been plasmolysed [see diag.3d]. Plasmolysis occurs when water diffuses out of the cell vacuole, causing the cytoplasm to have a decreased volume, in turn causing the cell membrane to pull away from the cell wall. It only occurs when the cell is hypoosmotic relative to the bathing solution. That is to say that plasmolysis only occurs when the cells solute potential (?s) is lower and therefore water potential (?w) is higher than that of the bathing solution. The bathing solution is hypertonic: this means that there is a higher concentration of solute, and thus lower concentration of water, in the bathing solution than the cell. Totally dilute water has infinite water potential, and zero solute potential. In Expt.3, the water potential of the onion cells in the glucose solution was greater than that of the onion cells in the distilled water. So, because the onion cells in the glucose solution were hypoosmotic, they were plasmolysed. Whereas the onion cells in the distilled water were hyperosmotic (had higher solute, and therefore lower water, potential), so became turgid. In my investigation of osmosis in potato cells, I hope to be able to determine the water potential of the cells. I will do this by finding the isotonic (equal solute, and therefore water potential) bathing solution. Key Variables I will be testing a total of 5 bathing solutions (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 mol glucose solutions distilled water). I will require 10 potato pieces (two for each solution). As they will be cut from a slice of potato 1 cm tall, the height is already constant. I must also ensure that the breadth of each piece is constant: 1cm. It is vital that the breadth and height are constant so that it is possible to measure any change in length. Of course, in order to measure the change, it will be necessary to ensure that the initial lengths are constant, and to ensure that I measure the same sides at the beginning as the end. To do this, I will take a tiny segment out of one side (I will measure the other). The initial lengths will be 2.5 cm. Obviously, it is hoped that the potato will have an even density, but in case it does not, the individual masses will be measured beforehand as well as afterwards. Through the use of such a precise piece of apparatus, I hope to be more accurate in my final readings. Also, this way the comparison between increase/ decrease in the lengths of potato pieces may be reinforced by a comparison between the increase/ decrease in their masses. So the readings will not only be more accurate, but also more reliable. The initial volumes of the bathing solutions must be constant, in order to better compare any changes in volumes. The initial volumes will be 20ml. The amount of time during which the potato pieces are left in their bathing solutions must be constant. The time set will be 30 minutes. The only variable left is the strength of the bathing solution. These are: 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 mol glucose solutions distilled water. I am using these solutions because I want to show some potato cells become turgid and be plasmolysed: and I will need this sort of range to do so, because potato has a lower water potential than onion (and will therefore need a stronger solution than that used in Expt.3). Aim To discover the water potential of the average potato cell in terms of the relative isotonic bathing solution. Hypothesis As demonstrated in the three experiments in the Introduction, osmosis determines that water travels from high to low concentration over a selectively permeable membrane. In the planned experiment, when the bathing solution is hypertonic (lower water potential, higher solute potential) relative to the potato cell, water will flow out of the vacuole into the bathing solution (plasmolysis, Expt.3). This will cause the potato cells to become flaccid, shrinking and losing weight. The potato pieces that lose mass, and decrease in length will be the ones with high water potential, relative to the bathing solution. I think this will happen in the distilled water, because completely distilled water has infinite water potential. When the bathing solution is hypotonic (higher water potential, lower solute potential) relative to the potato cell, the cell will become turgid because water will flow from the bathing solution into the vacuole. The potato pieces that increase in length and gain mass will be the ones with low water potential, relative to the bathing solution. I predict this for the strong glucose solutions (0.4, 0.6, 0.8 mol), because I have seen from experiments 12 that strong glucose solutions have low water potential. When the bathing solution is isotonic (equal water potential, equal solute potential) relative to the potato cell, the cell will not change. The potato pieces that neither increase nor decrease in length and neither lose nor gain mass will be the ones with the same water potential, relative to the bathing solution. I believe this will occur in the weakest glucose solution (0.2mol) because, although a 0.1mol solution plasmolysed the onions in Expt.3, potatoes have a lower water content than onions (85% as opposed to 89%), meaning that they will also have a lower water potential. I am therefore predicting that the water potential of the average potato cell is equal to that of a low strength glucose solution. I say this because I know that, in distilled water, the cells become turgid; and in strong glucose solutions, the cells plasmolyse. Apparatus slab of potato 1cm thick, scalpel, white tile, solutions (0.3, 0.6, 0.9 mol glucose), distilled water, 5 boiling tubes, clock, ruler (mm), electric balance (to 0.01g), and a measuring cylinder, forceps, boiling tube rack, paper towels. Planned Method First I will cut out the 10 potato pieces (10x10x25mm) on the white tile with the scalpel, taking a chunk out of one side [see diag. 4a]. Then I will measure their masses on the electric balance. Then I will measure out the volumes of the bathing solutions (20ml each) in a measuring cylinder (the measuring cylinder will be dried after each measure) [see diag. 4b]. Then I will pour the bathing solutions into the 5 boiling tubes, which I will have labelled, and two potato pieces will be placed into each boiling tube and the timer started [see diag. 4c]. 30 minutes later, I will remove the 10 potato pieces, rinse (briefly) and dry them, and measure their lengths and masses. These will then be recorded. Then the volumes of the bathing solutions will be recorded (again, the measuring cylinder will be dried after each measure). Diagrams Safety Precautions As with all substances in a science laboratory, it is vital that I do not taste the potato, the solutions or the distilled water. I must not touch my face or licking my fingers before washing my hands, but I should attempt to avoid getting the liquids if possible, as it risks contaminating our results. Evidently, care must also be taken with the scalpel in the cutting of the potato, as it is a sharp instrument.

Rappaccinis Daughter Fall From Grace Essays - Bereshit, Free Essays

Rappaccini's Daughter Fall From Grace Essays - Bereshit, Free Essays Rappaccini's Daughter Fall From Grace Analytical Essay: Rappaccini's Daughter In the literal sense, Nathaniel Hawthorn's Rappaccini's Daughter is the story about the rivalry between two scientists that ultimately causes the destruction of an innocent young woman. However, when the story is examined on a symbolic level, the reader sees that Rappaccini's Daughter is an allegorical reenactment of the original fall from innocence and purity in the Garden of Eden. Rappaccini's garden sets the stage of this allegory, while the characters of the story each represent the important figures from the Genesis account. Through the literary devices of poetic and descriptive diction, Nathaniel Hawthorne conveys the symbolism of these characters, as well as the setting. The story takes place in mid-nineteenth century in Padua, Italy and revolves around two major settings; the mansion of an old Paduan family, and Rappaccini's lush garden. The mansion is described as, high and gloomythe palace of a Paduan noble desolate and ill-furnished This description establishes a dark mood throughout the story. Hawthorne writes, One of the ancestors of this familyhad been pictured by Dante as a partaker of the immortal agonies of his Inferno The allusion of Dante refers to The Divine Comedy and the Inferno describes the souls in Hell. Furthermore, Baglioni converses with Giovanni in this mansion chamber and tries to manipulate him in his attempt to destroy Rappaccini. In a sense, the dark and gloomy mansion symbolizes the domain of evil. The second major setting is the garden. The author uses poetic diction to describe Rappaccini's garden. Hawthorne writes, There was one shrub in particularthat bore a profusion of purple blossoms, each of which had the luster and richness of a gemseemed enough to illuminate the garden, even had there been no sunshinesome crept serpentlike along the ground or climbed on high In this passage, the author depicts the liveliness and beauty of the garden in an almost fantasy-like way, a fantasy too good to be true and destined to end tragically. Hawthorne directly compares this beautiful garden to Eden when he writes, Was this garden, then the Eden of the present world? Thus, Rappaccini's garden symbolizes the setting of the initial fall of man. In Rappaccini's Daughter, the original sinners, Adam and Eve, are represented by Giovanni Guasconti and Beatrice Rappaccini. Giovanni symbolizes Adam in the sense that he is shallow and insincere. When Giovanni first sees Beatrice, he is love struck. Hawthorne uses poetic diction when he writes, the impression which the fair stranger made upon him was as if here were another floweras beautiful as they, more beautiful than the richest of them. This passage describes Giovanni's feelings towards the beautiful Beatrice. However, later we see that Giovanni's love was actually lust when the student discovers that he has been infected by Beatrice. The author writes, Giovanni's rage broke forth from his sullen gloom like a lightning flash out of a dark cloud. 'Accursed one!' cried he, with venomous scorn and anger Giovanni becomes enraged and blames Beatrice of this accidental infection. Similarly, Adam blames Eve of their disobedience when he is confronted by God. Adam does not show compass ion towards his wife but instead, like Giovanni, lashes out with anger against Eve. Hawthorne's critical and unsympathetic tones toward Giovanni are evident when he uses descriptive diction to explain him. Hawthorne writes, his spirit was incapable of sustaining itself at the height to which the early enthusiasm of passion had exalted it; he fell down groveling among earthly doubts, and defiled there with the pure whiteness of Beatrice's image. In this passage, Hawthorne shows that Giovanni's love was actually lust and his tone toward Giovanni is critical. In contrast, Hawthorne portrays sympathetic and reverent tones towards Beatrice. The author uses poetic diction to describe the beautiful young woman. He writes, arrayed with as much richness of taste as the most splendid of the flowersbloom so deep and vivid that one shade more would have been too muchredundant with life, health, and energy Beatrice is described as a part of nature and vivacious. She has been isolated from the wo rld and the world she lives in only consists of the garden. She has a child like innocence and is very nave. She even states, I

Should Suicide Be Legal essays

Should Suicide Be Legal essays Suicide is something we have had to deal with since the beginning of time. Throughout that period of time it has been seen as wrong. There is no reason why we should accept it now. It may be painless, and put some people out of a great deal of misery, but who all of the sudden gave us the right to kill. People are now lobbying for assisted suicides and their legalization. I feel that suicide and assisted suicide are now being seen as a convenience. If someone is sick, or depressed, killing him or her is seen as the way to get rid of the problem. We need to be stronger than that in society, and show we truly care for these people by getting them proper help. Who gave us the right to kill? In America today, who knows how many people have died through abortion, the death penalty, and suicide? I believe that the legalization of abortion has played a role is this lack of respect for life. If we dont have to respect someone when they are born, why should we care for someone who is going to die? It seems that if we have a good enough excuse, or it is convenient, we have no problem justifying the destruction of human life. People just dont care what is right and wrong. It is very sad that many people think that they can take their own life or someone elses life and truly believe that they are helping themselves or another. Suicide is just a waste of a life. If people think they can go around killing people for the sake of helping another, are society will not last long. People like Dr. Kavorkian and his supporters are ludicrous. Many people are sick and in a lot of pain. I can see how they do want to die, to take the pain away. But, they have to have enough respect for themselves and their families not to kill themselves. God did not come down and tell us to die whenever we want to. Killing is not the answer to the problem. Living our lives to the ...

Public Policy in the American Government Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Public Policy in the American Government - Essay Example From this study it is clear that after consideration of the various policy solutions, the federal government makes the decision on the best possible policy and may pass a law for the adoption of this new policy. A policy may be adopted following an executive order or after an important ruling by the Supreme Court. The next stage is the implementation process that is determined by the federal administrative agencies tasked with this process. An implementation may also involve punishment for failing to adhere to the set policy. The last stage in policy formulation is the evaluation stage where different agencies involved in policy making determine whether implementation has been successfully carried out. This stage may also involve much debate on whether the implementation has been successful or not and it may form the basis of another policy formulation.This discussion declares that  a particular interest group that will later on lobby the government to address the problem through p olicy formation may identify a problem. Once the problem is brought into the political domain, it becomes a political issue.  During the definition of a problem, conflict arises as different groups define the problem in ways that the policy is likely to suit their interests. Also, identification of the problem will be in such a way that the particular interest group will have control over the decision makers in agenda setting.